Roman Catholic Church Reformation Martin Luther Essay

On the 31st of October 1517 was the beginning of the reformation when Martin Luther Posted up his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Roman Catholic Church and published in Wittenberg, Germany. The Reformation Became the Basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity. Luther had far-reaching political, economic and social effects. But the main question is why Martin Luther was able to successfully challenge the church of its religious and political authority? After evaluating the main reasons why Luther had success challenging the church, it is to all appearances that the circumstances were in his favour and available to him during that time. To confirm this hypothesis, the three circumstances†¦show more content†¦The Printing Press Printed and copied it, making it one of the first documents to be done with it. Within two week, copies spread throughout Germany and within two months, copies spread all through Europe. The print pre ss made it able to get the churches wrong doings out to the people of Europe following the churches rules and translating the theses into German for people that were uneducated or illiterate to understand Latin. The printing press increased the notoriety of Martin and made many other people across Europe protest the ecclesiastical structure of catholic religion. With the printing press spreading throughout Europe, the church wasn’t able to keep the new quite like they did with others who attempted to rebel against them. For example Jan Hus who was executed for heresy against the doctrines of the Catholic Church. As much as they wanted to burn Martin Luther to the stake the word was out and unable to be stopped. Later on, the council released the edict of worm, banning Luther’s writings and declaring him a â€Å"convicted Heretic†. This made Luther a condemned and wanted man. Local Duke Frederick of Saxony decided on keeping him in the Wartburg castle for protection. He planned the kidnap of martin Luther in order to trick the church in believing thatShow MoreRelatedThe 95 Theses By Martin Luther982 Words   |  4 PagesTheses by Martin Luther as my primary source. This primary source is a historical document that cause major uproars throughout Europe. The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in October of 1517. The 95 Theses were ninety-five statements written by Martin Luther in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. They challenged the common practices of the Catholic Church, including indulgences and the authority of the pope. The 95 Theses sparked a theological debate that fueled the Reformation in EuropeRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesexpressions of the Protestant Reformation. This paper will discuss Lutheran Reformation, The Anabaptist, and The English Puritans as well as the Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation. It is the hope that after the reader has had the opportunity to view each of the characteristics and the expressions of each of the reformation the reader will have a better understanding of each and will be able to articulate the differences of each. The Protestant Reformation called the Protestant RevoltRead MoreThe Reformation And The Reformation1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Catholic Church many people were dissatisfied about their faith during the Renaissance. This led to a period called the Reformation, which began in 1517. The Reformation was led by radical critics Martin Luther and John Calvin, who questioned the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, due to their selling of indulgences and stray from the Bible. The Reformation started in central Europe and spread to encompass most of the continent, during which time people left the Roman CatholicRead MoreMartin Luther : A Father Of The Protestant Reformation1462 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther: A Father of the Protestant Reformation During the 16th century, many people began to question the doctrine and practices of the Catholic Church. The church was selling indulgences (forgiveness) to release people from their debt of sin. The higher positions held in the church were being sold to those who would pay the most money. The clergy’s greed and thirst after money essentially divided the church between the peasants and clergy. One man disagreed with the actions of the CatholicRead MoreWhat Were The Social Cause Of The Protestant Reformation?1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhat were the social causes of the Protestant Reformation? The bible was being made more accessible than ever. One of the things that led to more people interpreting the bible is that it was translated into everyday language. Another was the fact that the printing press was enabled that allowed multiple copies of the bible to be made. Previous to this, scribes would have to write every bible by hand and this could take years, just for one of the m. Another factor was the fact that there was increasedRead MoreMartin Luther and the Catholic Church894 Words   |  4 PagesAmen.† Martin Luther stated these words in 1521 when he was asked whether he still believed what his works taught. The Protestant Reformation was a movement during the 16th century, which aimed to reform some beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. The reformation was led by a German monk named Martin Luther and was further modified by John Calvin, a French theologian and Henry VIII, the king of England. The ideas bought forward by these individuals started the Protestant Reformation, whichRead MoreWhy Did Martin Luther Start The Protestant Reformation?.968 Words   |  4 PagesWhy did Martin Luther start the Protestant Reformation? After five centuries, it is easy to reduce the Protestant Reformation to a dispute over corruption in the Roman Catholic Church. But was it dissension over corruption or was it more complex than that? While corruption existed in the Church during the Renaissance, the Reformation was as much about politics, theology, and individualism, as it was about rooting out corruption. When looking at the religious values that guide human choices,Read MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholic Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreThe Effect Of The Reformation On The Roman Catholic Church1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of the Reformation on the Roman Catholic Church The Roman Catholic Church grew from an outlawed and persecuted religion to a well-organized and powerful ruling body in the western world. After the death of Jesus of Nazareth his disciples begin to spread his teachings of love and salvation through a single God. However, early Christians quickly became seen as a threat to the most powerful Empire at the time; Rome. Being monotheistic they refused to offer sacrifice to state ran cults andRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1632 Words   |  7 Pages2004). This amendment established the separation of church and government that our country was founded on and still practices today. We as Americans are free to practice any religion we chose thanks to our founding fathers. However the separation of church and state in many countries throughout the centuries has not always been practiced. There was a time when the Roman Catholic Church was the church and government for everyone. This monopoly of church and state affected everythin g it touched until the

The Real Heroes in Literature - 1890 Words

What images are associated with the words â€Å"hero†? A muscular Hercules saving the world from Hades? A knight in shining armor bravely riding into combat? Words like bravery, strength, pride, and self-sacrifice are commonly connected with a classic hero. But are those the only characteristics that make someone heroic? A dictionary definition of a hero is â€Å"a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities†; however, this is a very elastic definition and there are many other types and definitions of heroes depending on circumstances. Is there one that is correct? Do all heroes share any common characteristics? According to Orin E. Klapp, a hero is â€Å"a person, real or imaginary, who evokes the†¦show more content†¦Throughout the journey, Bilbo is able to defeat a few enemies, such as when he buys time during the troll incident, and helps the dwarves escape from the spiders; however, Diogo Gonà §alves, points out that â€Å"even when he starts becoming useful for the group†¦ he is humble; Bilbo doesn’t mock on those he defeats, as the classic hero tended to do† (44), rather the mockery is used to defeat the enemies. A clear example is the incident with the spiders, where he angers them by calling them offensive names in order to give the dwarves a chance to escape. Despite all these differences, Bilbo is still accepted as a hero in today’s society and does share some traits with the classic hero. One of the reasons I believe he is accepted in today’s society is because he is easy to relate to, demonstrating pleasure in his domestic lifestyle, but at the same time, possessing a natural curiosity and a desire to enjoy the occasional adventure outside his comfort zone. He also has the admirable quality of loyalty and persistence. Even when â€Å"the dwarves wanted to know why he had ever been brought at all, why he could not stick to his friends and come along with them, and why the wizard had not chosen someone with more sense, and that ‘He has been more trouble than use so far,’ said one† (Tolkien 44), Bilbo still stuck by their side and helped them to the best of his abilities. Just like the Cinderella hero, Bilbo was probably not the dwarves’ first choiceShow MoreRelatedLiterary Vs. Real Life Heroes1618 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"What makes a hero different in literature compared to real life heroes?† The heroes in literature works can be traced back through centuries of stories. A hero is usually seen as the â€Å"good† guy or the savior. They exhibit heroic behaviors. A literary hero can be critiqued into many different forms of literary heroes. Real life heroes are people in everyday life that do nobel exhibits in everyday life that people see as heroic. Both literary and real life heros have some similarities and differencesRead MoreRole and evolution of the hero in literature1472 Words   |  6 Pagesyes, but in literature, it can be controversial. A hero in literature is generally portrayed as a man of action rather than thought. He exceeds ordinary men in skill, strength, and courage and his usual occupations are war and dangerous adventures. Surrounded by noble peers, he is ruled by honor and pride and is ruthless towards his enemies. His responses are generally predictable and his inability to decline a challenge can sometimes get him into trouble. The appearance of heroes in literatureRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pages Heroic stories in English literature have unmatched fame because of the traits that the heroes exude. Both Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similaritiesRead MoreThe Major Works of Thomas Carlyle Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages The literature of Victorian England is infused with the scientific as well as the humanitarian spirit, the romantic as well as the didactic note. It was essentially an Age of Prose- the direct influence of the growth in science and the questioning spirit -with great progress in critical prose wri ting. The inconsistent features of the early Victorian Britain were clearly reflected in the pamphlets, essays, lectures, and books of Carlyle, the greatest figure in the general prose literature of hisRead MoreEssay on The Epic Hero Archetype in Films, and Literature850 Words   |  4 PagesAs Beowulf possessed incredible the strength of 30 men, Luke Skywalker the force, and Harry Potter magic, epic heroes continue in every form of today’s entertainment and storytelling. Every culture from the beginning has had their own tales of heroes accomplishing great feats that no one else could. An epic hero is an icon for everyone to relate to, they symbolize different lessons to learn. The epic hero archetype exists as a source of entertainment but also as a demonstrative tool. Their moralsRead MoreSimilarities Between Achilles And Odysseus1110 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the art of storytelling, and literature, we have weaved images of what the ideal human should be. Countless w orks of literature depict such humans as â€Å"heroes†, due to the inspiration they stir within our imperfect souls. Truly epic heroes shape future stories, and remain influential despite the weathering of time. Two heroes of epic proportions can be found in Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, through the grand tales of Achilles and Odysseus. How are these two men heroes? Better yet, what makes each uniqueRead More`` Ain t I A Woman ``865 Words   |  4 PagesFor a while, people wanted to get away or hide from their realities when they wrote or read literature. During the Civil War, mindsets changed and people were tired of the fantasies. People craved realistic stories with real, life-like endings. Realist writers answered the cry of Americans who wanted to explore realistic literature; Sojourner Truth’s â€Å"Ain’t I A Woman† is a true representation of literature during the realistic era. The start of realism in America derived from the Civil War. TheRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1317 Words   |  6 Pagesdouble life. However, not all heroes have an alter-ego; for example, mythological heroes like Hercules, or epic heroes like Beowulf. And unfortunately, not all heroes are worthy of recognition. Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde falls under this category. Mr. Gray is a well-liked individual who turns evil and manipulative by the end of the novel. Characters like him should not be idolized. Although there are certain characters in all genres of literature that should not be consideredRead MoreEssay on Hero831 Words   |  4 Pagesdisillusioned to the identity of real hero’s and instead praise celebrities as such. Over time though I gained knowledge and personal insight of what a real hero is. A real hero is a person who is strong and just and stands up for what is right instead of what is popular. But each indivi duals definition of a hero is different and everyone, in a sense, could be someone else’s hero if they had the chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The hero used to be the one in white. Now he is harder to spot.† Heroes are everywhere; it justRead MoreBeowulf Anti Hero Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pageswas the same Beowulf who risked his life and the life of brecca in a swimming match for no reason but to prove who could swim the the longest. Fights for Money Beowulf he fights for many reasons a couple of these are money, fame, respect and glory. Real heros do not fight for these reasons, Hero’s fight to protect the people they love and those who can not defend themselves. Beowulf does not fight for the reasons a hero does, Beowulf fights for reasons of a mercenary. A mercenary is a warrior for

Post WWII European Economic Integration free essay sample

Traces the economic integration in Europe from the years after WWII to the groundbreaking Maastricht Treaty and identifies some of the key challenges to this process. The paper comments that at the dawn of this new millennium the project of European economic integration faces a number of challenges, each of which the EU is striving to address effectively. The paper goes on to describe these challenges and explore the pressing issues associated with them. Also examined, is the development of European economic integration from the years following World War Two to the rise of the European Union. In 1995 the Madrid European Council asked for an examination of the likely effects of enlargement on the European Union. The report was to contain information pertaining to the consequences of enlargement in regard to agricultural and structural policies as well as a long-term budgetary outlook. Financial information was important because it was thought that enlargement would entail an extensive overhaul of EU economic policy in order to incorporate new member states. We will write a custom essay sample on Post WWII European Economic Integration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

the Social Impact of Fraternities Essay Example For Students

the Social Impact of Fraternities Essay RESEARCH PAPERA fraternity, as defined by the The American Heritage Dictionary is a chiefly social organization of male college students, usually designated by Greek letters.(pg. 523) This definition, however, is very limited and leaves plenty of space for short sighted people to believe the stereotype conveyed by the popular media, where fraternity members are depicted as drunks who accomplish nothing either scholastically or socially. Unfortunately, both this definition and media portrayals fail to mention the fact that membership in a fraternity is a life-long experience that helps its members develop social, organizational, and study skills during college, and that teaches true, everlasting friendship. As a matter of fact, fraternities have a long tradition of high academic achievement, and most of our nations presidents were members of a Greek association. We will write a custom essay on the Social Impact of Fraternities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to Irving Klepper, the first fraternity (Phi Beta Kappa) was founded for social and literary purposes at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia on December 5th 1776. After half a century of existence, it became and has since remained a scholarship honor society. Throughout the nineteenth century, many new fraternities were founded, but none of these were permanent. Then, in 1825, the Kappa Alpha Fraternity (now Kappa Alpha Society) was born at Union College. Two years later, Sigma Phi and Delta Phi had been founded at the same college, constituting the so-called Union Triad which was, in a large measure, the pattern for the American Fraternity system. By the end of the nineteenth century there were over thirty general fraternities in this country (pg. 18). Todays fraternities still have all the characteristics and precepts of the their past fraternities: the charm and mystery of secrecy, a ritual, oaths of fidelity, a grip, a motto, a badge, a background of high idealism, a strong tie of friendship and comradeship, and urge for sharing its values through nationwide expansion. (Klepper pg. 18) In addition, todays fraternities help their members develop many skills which are used in and out of college. During membership in a fraternity, one must learn leadership skills, because the chapter has to be run in a business-like manner and because it embraces different offices (President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Scribe, etc..) which are held by its members. These offices closely resemble the ones of real business. Additionally, since membership in a fraternity is seen as a great achievement by other Greek associations members, every brother must be able to uphold that office at any time. Organization is a must for every member of a fraternity. Fund raising activities and community service always have a high priority in every chapter, and each member is required to organize and/or take part in many of these activities as a pledge, a brother and an alumnus. This helps individuals within the group to develop organization and planning. In addition, since the fraternity might be located in a house, each brother must learn household organization for his brothers well being. Fraternities are famous for their energetic social gatherings (parties) which require all of their members to be socially active and outspoken when the occasion calls for it. This helps fraternity members develop very strong social skills. Since the act of one member reflects over the acts of all the others, self-control and awareness of actions are mandatory. In addition, when the brothers live in fraternity houses, this adds to the development of social skills in the way that a member must be able to deal and live with different kinds of people in different situations. Since there are people of different scholastic levels in a fraternity, the member of the fraternity have access to a great deal of knowledge on many different school subjects. It is normal for fraternities to organize study groups regularly during the school year and especially before exams. .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .postImageUrl , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:hover , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:visited , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:active { border:0!important; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:active , .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0aaf0499b9951fe62fa9cae324a57d9c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: British Columbia EssayIn addition, members might also use the opinion and advice of other members about the faculty in their favor, and most fraternities keep test files and other such study aids available for the benefit of their members. Most fraternity members are also eligible to receive a number of different scholarships and awards based on academic excellence, leadership, and personal achievement which can contribute to both the resume and the self-esteem of the person receiving such an honor. Fraternities are also well known for their support toward their community. In fact, other than the usual, chapter-run projects, many chapters require their associate members to organize and participate in their own community service project before they can be initiated into full membership. This helps the fraternity to enhance their image, increase their popularity and their members awareness toward the community. It is common for some fraternity members to stay active after graduating from college. In this way they can help the chapter in many ways and especially as advisor of the real world. It is also a positive experience for the graduate member, who will be able to keep in contact with the new and old members of his chapter. As Sidney S. Suntag wrote I know of no better way to keep young than to associate with young people(pg. 15). Even if some members are not able to remain active, the chapter can always count on them, since the spirit of fraternal brotherhood never dies. It is common for fraternities to build their houses and fund their activities with the support of their alumni. The number of alumni for a given fraternity in any urban area can range from a few dozen to several thousand. But the most important gift a fraternity can offer is a true and everlasting friendship that transcends the normal bonds between friends and ties them together as brothers for life. It is something no other organization can offer, and the bond that is formed between fraternity brothers is felt throughout the whole organization and not just local chapters. This explains why, when greeks of the same fraternity meet is felt like a reunion between blood brothers. Clearly, a feeling of comradeship is present not only within each fraternity, but between all of the members of Greek organizations. This can only lead to positive relations with the Greek community of a college or university, which is always fairly numerous at those institutions which have Greek organizations. As Brian Abramson stated in his interview, If you look at any Greek organization at Florida International University, or any other College or University, you can find a catalogue of services which that organization provides for the benefit of the greater community through the service projects which it conducts every semester. Tau Epsilon Phi, for example, participates in Bowling for Kids Sake every Spring, a tradition which began several years ago. Every fraternity has its own special philanthropy, as well as other public service projects which that fraternity takes part in from time to time. In fact, cooperating in public service not only provides the members of the brotherhood with valuable connections in the community, but it also serves to strengthen the bonds of brotherhood which hold the members together. To keep true to the feeling of brotherhood in a fraternity, every member must be trustworthy and at the same time must be able to trust every other member which makes the bond of brotherhood even stronger. Unfortunately, a lot of people overlook fraternities during college because of the ominous, ever-present rumors about hazing. This image is also a part of the popular stereotype of fraternity members. Hazing, as defined by the Fraternity Executive Association is Any action taken or situation created, intentionally, whether on or off fraternity premises to produce mental, or physical discomfort, embarrassment, harassment or ridicule.(pg. 48) As John P. Nykolaiszyn puts it, If anyone is caught hazing, not only can fines be imposed upon the individuals, but conviction and even jail time could result. Organizations which practice hazing also run the risk of losing their charter and being closed down. .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .postImageUrl , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:hover , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:visited , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:active { border:0!important; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:active , .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31843f6953a18b6884427b39674fe6be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cherubic Demons EssayAs Mr. Nykolaiszyn states in his letter to the editor, While some organizations may choose to haze and humiliate the people who try to rush them, that is in no way an accurate portrayal of all Greeks. He goes on to point out the fact that, Greek life is not just about partying and drinking. Greek life helps to build character, self-esteem and life long friendships.(12) It is indeed very sad that many people are stuck with the Animal House view of fraternities and avoid looking into what fraternities are really all about. Works CitedAbramson, Brian D. Personal Interview. 1 Apr. 1996. Fraternity Executives Association Statement ofposition on Hazing and Pre-initiation ActivitiesThe portals of Tau Epsilon Phi Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia 1937Klepper, Irving The portals of Tau Epsilon PhiTau Epsilon Phi Fraternity, Inc. Atlanta, Georgia1937Morris, William, ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts 1982Nykolaiszyn, John P. Hazing: Greeks get a bad rap.The Beacon Feb. 13th 1996: 12.

Cultures of Collecting Pros and Cons The phenomen Essays

Cultures of Collecting: Pros and Cons The phenomenon of collecting is a universal feature of societies across the world. Current research recognises that museums organised over the last 150 years represent all sorts of possibilities for exploring other times, places and ways of life,' HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn1 [1] yet as Gosden and Knowles state, there has been little in-depth' research into the meaning and status of collections HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn2 [2] . This essay seeks to define the major approaches to studying the phenomenon of collecting, and how these approaches have been informed by a historical understanding of collections that has developed over time. Particular focus will be given to a Euro-centric understanding of collecting and how collecting has been used to represent autonomy and preser ve cultures which are under threat. Susan Pearce, from the University of Leicester, suggests that in modern post-Renaissance western society, museums are the political and cultural institutions entrusted with holding the material evidence, real things, which constitute much modern knowledge.' HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn3 [3] Pearce's paper examines how and why museums are perceived to embody set knowledge and values, while recognising that study of museums and collections has three distinctive approaches. Firstly, each museum object and specimen can be seen as individual, secondly, there exists the professional care approach that seeks to better understand the mechanisms and motivations behind the collections themselves, and thirdly there are interpretive approaches which examine the nature of collections. Scholarship recognises that the inclination to collect can be most clearly identified to hav e originated in the eighteenth century (eg: Benedict, 2001 HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn4 [4] ). Benedict identifies her study as an examination of the representation of curiosity, of curiosities, and of curious people HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn5 [5] , again - like Pearce - suggesting that the cultures of collecting are to be considered in direct relation to all three distinctions. Curiosity - that Benedict argues lies at the heart of collecting - was manifested in a variety of forms in the eighteenth century. In his review of Benedict's book Dennis Todd writes that these manifestations can be seen in novels, satiric poetry and drama, journalism, trial transcripts, prints, and reports of scientific experiments; as well as in museums, exhibitions, and cabinets of curiosities; and in works by Shadwell, Swift, Pope, Defoe, Walpol e, Beckford, Samuel Johnson, Radcliffe, Godwin, and Mary Shelley HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn6 [6] . Collecting in early societies has been identified as being closely associated with exhibiting - as a process through which to display a collector's knowledge and education. For example, Wolfram Koeppe, from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, states that pre-Renaissance societies had a taste for collecting the strange and the curious, and that this inclination had long been part of human evolution. HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn7 [7] Suetonius (died 122 A.D.) records that Augustus, the Roman Emperor had his houses embellished, not only with statues and pictures but also with objects which were curious by reason of their age and rarity, like the huge remains of monstrous beasts which had been discovered on the Island of Capri, c alled giants' bones or heroes' weapons. HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn8 [8] The desire to showcase collections as symbols of power, knowledge and authority has meant that some collections have tended to possess less artistic merit and are more assertive and thus oppressive in their content and organisation. For example, African museum contents have proven to be a strong area for museum researchers to focus on. The Scramble for Art in Central Africa is a study of a group of collectors, such as Torday, Frobenius and Schweinfurth, who worked in the Belgian Congo at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and were interested in how objects such as carved figures or metal items reflected local social forms. As Gosden and Knowles explain, this is a process by which Africa was invented for the West, arriving back in the northern hemisphere stripped of context and presented in private collections an d museums so as to create particular impressions of African tribalism and designs.' HYPERLINK https://www.ukessays.com/essays/arts/cultures-collecting-pros-cons-7311.php \l _ftn9 [9] By removing objects from their original context and moving them to suit the commercial and social

Connote and Denote - Commonly Confused Words

Connote and Denote - Commonly Confused Words The verb connote means to suggest, imply, or signify indirectly. The verb denote means to indicate, serve as a sign of (something), or signify directly. Examples: The word train, which denotes transportation, also connotes old-fashioned travel, perhaps the nineteenth century by association, maybe a sort of romanticism of traveling, even mystery, exoticism, and intrigue, as in the Orient Express; or in another vein, slowness, noise, pollution, crowds, and the like.(Mark Gottdiener, The Theming of America, 1997)[I]n English and other languages, the high-front vowel ee often seems to connote small, as in teeny-weeny.(Jack Rosenthal, From Arf to Zap. The New York Times, June 30, 1985)Contrary to the popular misuse of the term to denote a computer criminal, a hacker is someone who solves a problem in a clever or little-known way.(Adam Pash and Gina Trapani, Lifehacker, 2011)[T]he Lenovo rep used the term rip and flip to denote how the screen can be removed and reconfigured. I’m not sure whether the term will stick, but that’s basically the near future of portable computing: your screen detaches from the keyboard to be used as a tablet for fun or mobility, and then docks back into the keyboard when you need to do some work.(Doug Aamoth, The Phrase ‘Rip and Flip’ Basically Sums Up the Near Future of Portable Computing. Time, January 7, 2013) Usage Notes: A word is said to connote something if it suggests or implies secondary meanings/associations/emotions additional to (or other than) its primary or literal meaning. A word is said to denote something if it indicates, signifies or, simply, means it. . . .To use connote for denote is a common looseness; to use denote for connote is plain wrong.(B.A. Phythian, A Concise Dictionary of Confusables. John Wiley Sons, 1990)Denote is rarely if ever misused. Connote, however, is becoming rarer by the day in its traditional sense, illustrated here: In careful usage, notoriety carries a connotation of wichedness, evil, or gravely bad conduct. James J. Kirkpatrick, A Little Refresher Course, Tulsa World, 25 Nov. 1996, at A8. . . .And connotate. *Connotate is a needless variant of connote.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009)The confusion lies in these signifying senses, for denote describes the relation between the expression and the thing it conventiona lly names, whereas connote describes the relation between the word and the images or associations it evokes:  ...the term leisure, as here used, does not connote indolence or quiescence. - Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class, The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style, Houghton Mifflin, 2005. Practice Exercises (a) Odd–even pricing (or psychological pricing) means pricing at odd-numbered prices to _____ a bargain and pricing at even-numbered prices to imply quality.(C.W. Lamb et al., Marketing, 2009)(b) Ladies and gentlemen, a big hand for the letter X. Its the most versatile letter in the alphabet. A singular X can _____ a kiss, the location of buried treasure, or a mistake in a schoolboy essay.(Charlie Brooker, Opportunity Knocked. The Guardian, September 10, 2004)(c) I don’t doubt that the name [Redskins] was intended to be complimentary rather than mockingit was surely supposed to _____ skill, bravery and a warrior spirit. But intentions are irrelevant if a large proportion of the group that it’s honoring consider the name a racial slur.(Pat Meyers, Style Conversational Week 1037. The Washington Post, September 5, 2013) Answers (a) Odd–even pricing (or psychological pricing) means pricing at odd-numbered prices to  connote  a bargain and pricing at even-numbered prices to imply quality.(C.W. Lamb et al.,  Marketing, 2009)(b) Ladies and gentlemen, a big hand for the letter X. Its the most versatile letter in the alphabet. A singular X can  denote  a kiss, the location of buried treasure, or a mistake in a schoolboy essay.(Charlie Brooker, Opportunity Knocked.  The Guardian, September 10, 2004)(c) I don’t doubt that the name [Redskins]  was  intended to be complimentary rather than mockingit was surely supposed to  connote  skill, bravery and a warrior spirit. But intentions are irrelevant if a large proportion of the group that it’s honoring consider the name a racial slur.(Pat Meyers, Style Conversational Week 1037.  The Washington Post, September 5, 2013)

The areas of the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere Essay

The areas of the hydrosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere - Essay Example Energy gains, on the other hand, are highly influenced by human activities such as building of irrigation and dams. Water, in the form of snow and rain, falls on earth to be absorbed by bodies of water and plant fields (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Gabler, Petersen & Sack (2011) explained that when water reaches the subsurface, it goes first to the zone of aeration where air occupies most space. Water then consumes the space in the zone of saturation which is topped by water table (Gabler et al., 2011). Groundwater wells are designed to alter nature’s way of keeping water beneath the surface (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Cones of depression in the water table evolved from constant extraction of water from wells. When several cones of depression meet, other nearby shallow wells runs out of water (Gabler et al., 2011). Another indispensable process that sustains life is the food web. It is a series of food chains interlinked with one another. The food chains’ prequel is the primary producers supplying the essential energy for food (Bharatdwaj, 2009). Food chain is facilitated by primary consumers that feed on plants, the secondary consumers that feed on the primary consumers and then there are the decomposers that feed on what is left in each process of the cycle (Bharatdwaj, 2009). A clear cut example of a food chain is when grass was feed on by a cow; consequently the cow is eaten by man. In the study of these organisms, a biologist focuses on the processes that propels life itself, whereas, the focus of a geographer is to identify ways to preserve and maintain the Earth’s surface and resources. The diversified community of plants and animals that cover a specific area and own a particular climate are termed as biomes (Kaufman & Marsh, 2012). Biomes are like zoogeographic regions w hich aim to classify the distribution of Earth. But unlike biomes, zoogeographic regions

Summary and write a crytical analysis to article Essay - 1

Summary and write a crytical analysis to article - Essay Example nvestment in software and hardware that allowed workers better technologies to perform their jobs more efficiently; during the period 2001 to 2005, the driving factor was technological progress whereby companies learned new ways to use their equipment more efficiently to reorganize the production and distribution processes. In the year 2005, U.S. productivity grew from 2.9% from 2004. This rate easily surpassed the average 2-1/4% even though its fourth-quarter in fact recorded a fall of 0.5% as compared to the third-quarter. In the same year, unit labor costs grew 2.6% from 2004. Businesses more than covered the added compensation costs with higher prices. On average, the labor cost of manufacturing a given item jumped 2.6%, but the price of the same item increased faster (at 2.8%). The overall indication of 2005 is that U.S. productivity grew strongly, tight labor markets and upward pressure on wages did not cause problems, and profit margins held up well. Acceleration in unit labor costs sets off the inflation alarm. The last time this happened was in the late 1990s, when the growth of unit labor costs exploded upwards from 0.7% in 1996 to 4.2% in 2000. The inflation threat was however diffused when four factors prevented U.S. companies from increasing prices to offset additional production costs, forcing them to make do with severely reduced profit margins instead: a huge excess in global production capacity in the wake of the 1997 Asian crisis; the financial upheaval caused by the Russian debt default in 1998; global labor markets were not tight due to soft world growth; and, the U.S. dollar had strengthened considerably against other world currencies. In 2006 however, the global economic scenario is different. The Japanese economy is showing signs of revival after a long slump; Chinese demand is soaking up capacity throughout Asia; global labor markets are tighter in response to accelerating world growth; and the U.S. dollar has weakened considerably,

A Proposed Health Promotion Campaign Against Obesity Assignment

A Proposed Health Promotion Campaign Against Obesity - Assignment Example The factors of the accessibility of junk foods and the trend of â€Å"supersizing† meals, not to mention the availability of high caloric foods of low nutritional value but are highly appealing to children because of its rich taste are mainly responsible for them getting less physically fit (Buchholz, 2005). Also, the environmental progress of eradicating some parks and natural playgrounds for children to build buildings for industry and residences may not benefit the physical health of children due to the fact that they have less access to locations where they can expend their excess physical energy (Frieden, Galvez. & Landrigan, 2003). However, the most common cause of the decrease in physical activity of children is that technology has made it easier to fall into a sedentary life. Children are more than adequately entertained by the multitude of choices on television shows, internet sites, computer games, etc. Nowadays, most children are homebound, engrossed in computer games, watching videos, surfing the web for hours, etc. Children find less need to play outside because there are a lot of available conveniences and entertainment indoors for them. Hence, playing games, running around, climbing trees, bicycling, etc. are slowly becoming activities of the past. Physical exercise for these children is not given much priority anymore. Many parents enroll their children in dance classes, sports, etc. just for them to have physical activity. Obesity in children has been on the rise and one factor is lack of physical activity. Experts agree that the combination of the availability of energy-dense processed foods and lack of physical activity may be the culprit of obesity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide data that suggest that the number of children attending daily physical education classes declined from 18.3% in 1995 to 12% in 2001.

Hepatitis E Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Persons

Hepatitis E Virus Infection in HIV-Infected Persons Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a global disease (1,2). HEV infection represents a major global public health issue especially in developing countries, where the global death rate is 1-15% and up to 30% in pregnant women (3). Every year there are an estimated 20 million hepatitis E infection (HEV) are registered over the world. it is known that chronic liver disease by hepatitis E develops in persons who are undergoing immunosuppression, including individuals infected with HIV(4). Recently, many studies have demonstrated cases of chronic HEV infection (characterized by detection of HEV RNA greater than or equal to 6 months in plasma) and cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients, including organ transplant recipients(5) patients with lymphoma and haematological malignancies (4,6 ) and in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (7). A number of studies have suggested that In persons infected with HIV may acquire HEV infection more often than individuals without HIV (8,9). The first verified case of chronic infection E in 2008 (10), which can to lead to liver damage and develops of hepatic fibrosis and even cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients such as Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and solid organ transplant recipients (11-14). Immunosuppression has been shown that facilitates chronicity of HEV infection, Therefore HIV infection is one of the possible causes for HEV persistence (15) and there are published reports of high HIV/HEV co-infection rates for particular regions (16,17). There are some data that suggest that HEV may promote the progression of liver disease due to other causes (18). There are only a few reports regarding HEV seroprevalence in Individuals who are immunocompromised. The seroprevalence of anti- HEV IgG in HIV-positive cohorts ranges varies from one geographic location to another from 1.5% to 11.2% (19,20). Incidence of infections caused by HEV, defined by detecting HEV RNA in the serum, i s low, ranging from 0 to 1.3% (21-23). However, studies regarding co-infection of HIV and HEV and HEV associated chronic liver disease in HIV-infected patients are limited in IRAN. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of HEV RNA in HIV infected patients in Iran a country with moderately high prevalence of both infections. Therefore, in order to better understand the clinical impact of HEV infection in these populations we have conducted a study determining HEV RNA in HIV-infected patients. In the present study, we determined whether HEV RNA were present in serum samples obtained from HIV-infected patients to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, HEV infection in HIV-infected individuals. In addition, epidemiological, clinical and analytical factors were analyzed in order to identify potential risk factors associated with HEV seropositivity. The aim of this study was to define the degree of prevalence of HEV RNA in the group of HIV infected patients in Iran. For this study real-time RT-PCR assays targeting ..genes have been developed. We report 6 cases of hepatitis E infection in HIV-infected patients that   none of our patients received ribavirin treatment. Methods and materials:       Study population and samplecollection: A total of 80 Iranian patients with HIV-1 infection attending the Tehrans hospitals were enrolled in this study from February 2015 to April 2016. The exclusion criteria considered as patients who had been received anti-retroviral therapy. This study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and study has been approved by a local research ethics committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The participants were informed all aspects of the current study, and Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants prior to their enrollment for current study. About 5 ml of peripheral whole blood Sample from each participant was collected into a sterile EDTA-containing Vacutainer tube and plasma was separated from blood via centrifugation and frozen at -70 oC until analysis. HEV RNA Extraction: Efficient HEV RNA extraction using the High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit generates purified HEV RNA was extracted from 200 ml of plasma (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). RNA pellets eluted with the provided elution buffer and stored at -70 °C until analysis. cDNA Synthesis: For detection HEV RNA, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rReal Time PCR) was was performed by using the first strand cDNA synthesis kit by Revert AidcDNA synthesis kit from RNA templates (Thermoscientific, USA). In a nutshell, RNA samples were heated in 65 °C for 10 minutes, then chilled on ice. The uniform suspension of bulk first-strand cDNA reaction mix was added according to the manufacturers protocol, then One ÃŽ ¼l of DTT solution, and 1 ÃŽ ¼l of random hexamer (24) primer (0.2 ÃŽ ¼g) were added to the RNA After heat denaturation and RNA and RT primers were mixed properly by pipetting up and down for several times, then incubated for an hour at 42 °C. For Real time PCR, the QuantiTect Probe PCR Kit (Qiagen, Germany) was used, based on its instruction kit. HIV-1 viral load quantification: Measurement of blood plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration performed by COBAS TaqMan 48 (Roche Diagnostics, Hacienda Drive Pleasanton, CA, USA) kit in the patients plasma samples (500 ÃŽ ¼l) and high pure extraction was used according to the manufactures recommendation. This method is a Real-Time PCR based on dual-labeled hybridization probe which targets the highly conserved region of HIV-1 gag gene. Limit of Detection of the COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test is 48 to 107 copies/mL. Hepatitis E Virus real time PCR assay: A Real Time PCR assay was developed for detection of HEV RNA. The primers amplify a bp region containing the . variable regions of the .. Primers sequences and their position with melting temperature are shown in . So, after alignment of complete genomes, HEV consist of Nucleotide sequences based on pubmed database. Reactions contained 5 µl of cDNA, 2.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 800 mmol/L of dNTPs, 100 ng of each primer,30 ng of probe and 1.5 units of QuantiTect Probe PCR Kit (Qiagen, Germany) to a total volume of 15  µL. Thermal cycling conditions were as follows: 95 °C for 10 min; 40 cycles of 95 °C for 15 sec, 60 °C for 40 sec, Quantitative determination of the amplified products have done by the BioRad CFX-96 instrument (BioRad, USA). In order to synthesis our ideal genes, tests should be done by two pairs of forward and reveres primers. Our specific probes were designed by different fluorescent labels to track our targets separately. Statistical analysis:The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 21 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Categorical variables were compared by Fishers exact test or the chi-square test as appropriate. Continuous variables was analyzed using Students t test. Data are presented as absolute counts, proportions [95% binomial exact confidence intervals (CI)], medians [interquartile range (IQR)], and means [standard deviation (SD)]. For all comparisons, p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study population consisted of 80 participants with HIV-1 infection that were enrolled in the current study . The mean age of the patients was 36.51  ± 12.75 (range 4-64) years. Among 150 participants, 95 (63.3 %) were male and 53 (35.3 %) were female. . Real-Time PCR assay for HEV nucleic acid detection results in 6 (.%) positive samples out of 80 subjects, including . males (69/2%) and .. females (30/8%). Based on the analysis by Fisher exact test, no significant association was observed between HEV and gender of the patients (p value= 0.79) (Table 2). In our study, half of the HIV-1 infected patients were over 30 years of age, while the other half were under 30 years. The mean age for 6 HEV positive patients and 74 HEV negative ones was 40.9 and 35.8 years respectively. There was no significant correlation between age and HEV s RNA positivity (p value= 0.18) (Table 3). By measuring the viral load, we could examine the relationship between HIV viral load and HEV infection. The average HIV viral load in positive and negative HEV patients was 14471.92 and 17016.66 respectively but t-test analysis showed no association between HEV -positive RNA and HIV Viral Load (p value= 0.61) (Table 4).   Discussion: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HEV RNA in blood samples which have been collected from HIV-1-infected patients in Tehran, Iran. In current study we used Real-Time PCR method mainly because it has been shown to be more sensitive and reliable than other methods for identify the infection. Since HEV could be potentially inhibited by anti-retroviral therapy (ART), especially ribavirin (25), none of our HIV-1-infected patients received ribavirin treatment. Thus, our data is not influenced by the viral suppression of antiretroviral therapy. immunosuppressive agents have been shown to facilitate severity or risk of chronicity of hepatitis E infection, HIV infection being one of the possible causes that may lead to HEV persistence (15), and there are Studies of high prevalence of HEV/ HIV co-infection for particular regions (16,17). Moreover, an relationship between exposure to HEV and cirrhosis has been reported in patients with cirrhosis (26), and chronic HEV infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in an HIV co-infection patient has been recently described (15). The presence of HEV RNA indicates current infection. This study is the first report to show HEV RNA in HIV-1-infected patients in Tehran, Iran. In this cross-sectional analysis, the overall HEV molecular infection was 7.5% (6/80). The seroprevalence of anti- HEV IgG in HIV-positive cohorts ranges varies from one geographic location to another from 1.5% to 11.2% (19, 20). Incidence of infections caused by HEV, defined by detecting HEV RNA in the serum, is low, ranging from 0 to 1.3% (21-23). In our study, we find HEV-RNA in 6 HIV patients, Unlike studies by Amitis Ramezani et al did not identify any case of HEV-RNA. An explanation for this finding could be the viral suppression observed in HIV-1-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy in their study. our results adapted with results of studies by Madejon et al., (27) Renou et al. (28) and Pischke et al. (29)Therefore, our data also support HEV infection as a viral hepatitis among HIV patients with With relatively moderate prevalence. Hepatitis E virus infection recently has been described as an emerging infection among patients with immunosuppressing conditions of such human immunodeficiency infection (30-32). In current study we found a moderate prevalence (7.5%) of HEV RNA among HIV positive individuals attending the Tehrans hospitals in Iran. Although this rate is higher than the previous studies among Similar patient population in the industrialized countries (33-35), it is lower than the rates of HEV infection reported among some population groups HEV endemic areas of Africa (36) and Asia (15). Carry et al. (39) and Keane et al. (40) have also suggested that the chronic HEV infection may be averted by use of highly active antiretroviral. A sufficiently large sample size is also necessary to establish this finding. The main conclusion of our study is that HEV infection important to consider in the differential diagnosis of otherwise unexplained chronic hepatitis in Iranian HIV-1-infected patients. Furthermore, our study revealed that HEV infection has moderate prevalence in the HIV-infected population of Tehran. Due to the HEV infection that may cause rapidly progressing chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed HIV co-infection patients, with development of cirrhosis in the short term, Screening for HEV in HIV-infected individuals presenting Symptoms of Hepatitis or with hepatic fibrosis of unknown origin is warranted.

Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management

Peter F. Drucker once said, â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things† (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). Leading is a key function of management. Without leadership, valuable time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because leadership is the core of management, a great deal of focus must be placed on its key components. â€Å"Leading means influencing other people to get the job done, maintaining morale, molding company structure and managing conflicts and communication† (Dessler, 2004, p. 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. Developing leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees are major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been devoted to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods utilized by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting successful leadership. Developing Leaders From front-line employees to mid-level managers, expectations of employees in today’s organizations have become more demanding. â€Å"Today, employees are given leadership titles and expected to figure out how to handle their new roles, but aren’t effectively trained† (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization. In the past, leadership development was limited to executive employees. This training process must change as companies strive to become more adaptive to the competitive world. With the downsizing of staff, additional work responsibility with less guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows. A great manager may not be a great leader. Great leaders must be able to communicate as well as motivate employees. â€Å"The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager imitates; the leader initiates† (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership â€Å"as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness† (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some will argue that leaders are born, while others will say leaders are trained. In either case, a qualified well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the experience they need to become future leaders (Kotter, 1990). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently refer to the specialized skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming increasingly important. Such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. Leadership training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to motivate and inspire employees is critical to organizational success. Leadership should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to create a sense of belonging by getting a ll parties involved. Developing Leaders Essay -- Business Management Peter F. Drucker once said, â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things† (Famous-Quotes-And-Quotations.com, n. d.). Leading is a key function of management. Without leadership, valuable time spent on planning, organizing, and controlling can be lost with no productive end result. Because leadership is the core of management, a great deal of focus must be placed on its key components. â€Å"Leading means influencing other people to get the job done, maintaining morale, molding company structure and managing conflicts and communication† (Dessler, 2004, p. 3).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Effective leadership is the foundation for any business. Developing leaders, leading strategic planning, overcoming obstacles, and motivating and inspiring employees are major components of leadership. Many articles and publications have been devoted to these four components. In selecting the articles to be summarized, emphasis was placed on articles that discussed universal methods utilized by businesses, along with recommendations for promoting successful leadership. Developing Leaders From front-line employees to mid-level managers, expectations of employees in today’s organizations have become more demanding. â€Å"Today, employees are given leadership titles and expected to figure out how to handle their new roles, but aren’t effectively trained† (Gale, 2002, p.1). Companies benefit when they have leaders positioned throughout the organization. This positioning distributes knowledgeable and skilled employees to benefit all aspects of the organization. In the past, leadership development was limited to executive employees. This training process must change as companies strive to become more adaptive to the competitive world. With the downsizing of staff, additional work responsibility with less guidance is becoming the norm. The need for leadership must evolve as the organization grows. A great manager may not be a great leader. Great leaders must be able to communicate as well as motivate employees. â€Å"The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager imitates; the leader initiates† (Bennis, 1994). Jon Katzenbach best described leadership â€Å"as a mind set of adaptive responsiveness† (Gale, 2002, p.2). Some will argue that leaders are born, while others will say leaders are trained. In either case, a qualified well-rounded leader must be found. Sourcing and rec... ...d tend to lead in smaller, more informal ways throughout the company. This natural progression allows them to gain the experience they need to become future leaders (Kotter, 1990). Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a myriad of publications available to assist with leadership issues. Most consistently refer to the specialized skills and traits needed to be an effective leader. Choosing a leader with these specialized skills is only part of the challenge facing organizations today. Providing effective training for new and existing leaders is becoming increasingly important. Such training should include recommendations on how to plan for and address real-world scenarios as well as examples of situations that may occur in order to strengthen comprehension. Leadership training should be viewed as a process, not a one-time event. Training leaders on how to plan and deal with obstacles, as well as how to motivate and inspire employees is critical to organizational success. Leadership should be a focus at all levels of the company whether it would be individual, departmental, or organizational. The key to successful leadership is to create a sense of belonging by getting a ll parties involved.

Oil Refinering Using Linear Programming

INTRODUCTION My topic is oil refinering using linear programming, this is under petrochemical industries which mean it will deal more about chemicals, this is about optimising the cost using a modelling method in mathematics called linear programming. This is very important because it links what is done in petrochemical industries with mathematics.Since there is a huge need of the products that are produced after petroleum refinering which are petrol, gasoline, oil, diesel and etc so in the near future refiners and government will have to make decision to increase local refinering capacity or upgrade and expand the existing refineries(  (SAPIA) executive director  Avhapfani Tshifularo said so. Currently South Africa is unable to produce sufficient fuel so at forces it to import refined products. we can describe oil refinering as an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products which are petroleum naphtha, gasoline diesel fuel etc. rud e oil that is processed can be defined as a natural occurring flammable liquid which consist of mixture of hydrocarbons of different molecular weight and other liquid organic compounds. In the oil refinering, different products are made and are said to be bases or components, which are alkalyte, platform ate, penexate and COD gasoline, these products are stored in tanks. These are the main products we have in refinering . the reason for blending the components is to minimise cost.Since the type of product that is needed by the market is RON 95 when blending or mixing these components an octane booster must also be included. This is called gasoline blending which can be described as a fuel that is derived from petroleum crude oil; it is also blended or mixed with different hydrocarbons which are estimated to be about 200. When blending the components we are trying to minimize the cost, because we take very expensive components which are alkylate and platform ate and mix with cheap co mponents like penoxate and COD gasoline.Linear programming is a reliable method in solving such problems; it is a very good technique in minimising the cost. When maximising the sale revenues we use linear model, 1 of the mathematical tool. We have to consider the availability of the components, their physical properties and the products needed by the market which is RON 95. The purpose of gasoline blending is to optimise the generation of valuable products such as gasoline wich I mentioned above and even to satisfy the demand for the market.

When three worlds mee essays

When three worlds mee essays At the end of the 15th century, Christopher Columbus began a journey. His journey would set in motion, the cultural collision, of a new world. This new world would now be the new home for Europeans, Africans, and a changed home for Native Americans. The residents of this new world would find comfort in their similarities and difficulty in their differences. But it is in these similarities and differences that will shape and make their new land. The similarities and differences, of these very diverse people, were many. We will focus on their societies, labor practices, religions, cultures, politics, and the relationship of men and women within these topics. These topics themselves are diverse and as we will find the collision of these diverse people helped shape the America we know today. The cultures we recognize today of European, African, and Native American are quite different in comparison from them in the 15th century. The Europeans of that time lived in a patriarchal society, in this society men where the dominant force. The amount of control or power each man had was simply based on their bloodlines. This was a patrilineal way. Your status in society was based on who your father was and the higher your father was on the political ladder, the higher the status, his family would receive. For example, the younger sons of an English noble, who were lacking property at home, were given new land to lord over in the new world. (www.pbs.org) This English nobility feeling of superiority spilled over into their labor practices as well. The labor practices of the Europeans were sexually diverse and often rigid. The men played the dominant role at home. The men were husband, father, farmer, handyman, protector, and provider. While the women were left with mother, wife, entertainer, field hand, maid, and cook. There was a great divide between the sexes. Women did not own property and had few rights...

A New Use For The Prefix Cis-

A New Use For The Prefix Cis- A New Use For The Prefix Cis- A New Use For The Prefix Cis- By Maeve Maddox Writing about gendered pronouns recently, I mentioned that â€Å"cis female† is a gender choice on Facebook. The prefix cis- derives from a Latin preposition meaning â€Å"on this side of.† Cisalpine Gaul, for example, was the part of Gaul located on the Italian side of the Alps. The part on the far side of the Alps was Transalpine Gaul. More familiar prefixes derived from Latin prepositions are trans, â€Å"across, on the other side† and circum, â€Å"around.† One of their uses is to indicate location, as in this example: Armitage boldly observes, We are all Atlanticists now. Then, he defines three approaches to Atlantic history, which he calls Cis-Atlantic, Trans-Atlantic, and Circum-Atlantic. Circum-Atlantic history is the history of the people who crossed the Atlantic, who lived on its shores and who participated in the communities it made possible.- Review of The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800. Chemists use cis- as a prefix and as a free-standing adjective to designate â€Å"a compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound.† Here are some gender-related terms that are beginning to appear in the media: cisgender cissexual cis man cis woman cissexism cissexual assumption Here are examples of their usage: â€Å"Cissexual assumption†Ã‚  is a phrase coined by Julia Serano for her claim that  cissexual  people assume that all people experience  gender identity  in the same way. It seems that some of this trans woman hatred from cisgender women  is based on a fear that perhaps they are taking something from us. I’m a Cis Girl in Love with a Trans Guy. Cis writers in every media form are jumping on the trans  story  train. Cis- is the logical choice of prefix to denote â€Å"assigned at birth† in contrast with transgender, â€Å"not conforming to birth gender.† Unfortunately, with all such labels, the danger exists that cis may become an abusive epithet. The other evening, I heard the term â€Å"cis male† used in an episode of Blue Bloods. The character, a college girl, referred to another character as â€Å"a cis male.† Her facial expression and tone of voice made it clear that she was not using the term as a neutral designation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfAdvance vs. Advanced

Inmate Custody and Control in Correctional Facilities Essay

Inmate Custody and Control in Correctional Facilities - Essay Example The inmates and prison staff often confront with many challenges as well as threats to their safety. It is important to consider the essential aspects which can make inmate custody and control more effective. One of the main issues often observed in prisons is the paucity of healthy relationship between inmates and officers. To begin with, effective administrative measures offer better services to inmates and a peaceful ambiance in prison that would enhance the relationship between the inmates and officials to certain extent. Inmates usually belong to different cultural backgrounds with varying criminal intensity. This diversity itself may give rise to further disputes or violence within prison. Violence and indecent behavior within the institution could be reduced by initiating various disciplinary actions under strict supervision of responsible individuals. On the other hand, correctional officers and other concerned officials have to be given proper training to address the unexpected issues effectively through emergent strategies. As Barnhart (2006) reminds, training includes providing information regarding the planned strategies of the organization and various techniques to execute them successfully while maintaining of security and control in the prison. The physical layout of the facilities provided to inmates is an important matter of concern.

Should the UK join the euro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should the UK join the euro - Essay Example Thus it means giving up the traditional pound for a new European wide single medium of exchange that is already in circulation. Moreover, this would also facilitate the adoption of a common EU monetary policy. That is why the British government too is unhappy with the idea because it entails transferring power and economic decision making to the EU bureaucracy. However, the government is not fundamentally opposed as long as there are demonstrated economic benefits of doing so. Also, if it does decide to join, it is a tough decision to make as to precisely when to join the bandwagon because this could have economic consequences too. Then there is the period of turbulence to endure before things settle. The main benefits of joining are due to the removal of economic barriers that hinder trading. A common currency does away with exchange rate fluctuations and transaction costs. This for example, makes investment more attractive in the UK. So we have the potential to gain in the areas of trade and investment but these benefits must be weighed against the effects of the loss of autonomy over macroeconomic policies and other complications. By not joining though, the UK risks being marginalised within the EU. And, the euro currency is a growing in strength. It is now â€Å"the world’s largest by cash value† (Stevenson, 2009). A successful European wide monetary policy requires that there is economic parity or at least a convergence in the economic circumstances between the euro-adopting states. For instance, if the rest of the EU fares better than the UK during the looming recession, interest rates are likely to be high and this would exasperate the financial difficulties of UK businesses and cause even lower output. On the other hand, low interest rates can cause higher inflation. This shows that the decision of joining and when to join is very much tied to concerns over the level of convergence and interest rates and the impact this could have

Packaging analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Packaging analysis - Essay Example This also ensures that the product is safe for consumption till its expiry date. It is one of the old and trusted brands; it creates value for its customers because a part of the money spent on this product is spent for children’s benefit. The product creates value for retailers due to the fact that Hershey’s is a well-known brand which is widely consumed by people of all ages; for this reason they are willing to invest in the product since profits are definite (KPMG, 2012). The package aids in promotion of the product since the makers are always inclined towards making something that works; the packaging is old and it has created an identity itself. Regarding the message communicated by the product, it can be said that it is one of the oldest, tasty and reliable brands of chocolate. The chocolate cover is similar to the color of chocolate. Moreover, the product describes it as pure and simple and that is their unique selling point. As far as the ethics and environmental sustainability is concerned, they are committed towards making and delivering the products in ways that ensures both environmentally sustainability and socially responsibility; they consider business of building a better world as one of their duties. KPMG (2012).  The chocolate of tomorrow What today’s market can tell us about the future. Retrieved from

Business Research Project Essay Example for Free

Business Research Project Essay Last week our team was requested to identify a company that has faced or is currently facing problems or situations that can be addressed by research. We chose Blockbuster as our research project, we analyzed the company and identified the company’s bankruptcy as our research problem. Based on that, we set our research hypothesis as the possible causes or reasons that lead the company to bankruptcy. According to that hypothesis we formulated our research questions. In order to go ahead with our investigation and find out if any of the independent variables proposed in our research is related to the bankruptcy of Blockbuster, we have to identify who is going to be our population and our research sample. Let starts first by understanding what populations and a sample are. In statistical terminology a population can be understood as a determined or specific set of things or units that are going to be investigated or studied, while a sample or population sample can be described as a subset or portion of the total units comprising the population. In other words the population is the group of elements or objects to be studied or investigated and of which inferences are made, that later will be tested to be finally accepted or discarded. By sampling a representative portion of the population is selected to be tested the results and conclusions about the population are drawn. Our investigation is limited to Puerto Rico area, so our targeted population will be Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our sample will consist of 24 puertorrican Blockbuster users selected utilizing the random sampling method. Once we have identified the sample we need to determine which data collection method will be used to obtain information. The collection and analysis of information is extremely important and there are four basic ways in which data can be collected. The first one is to obtain the data from a previously published source, this one is possible when someone has already collected and published the data needed. The second method is to perform an experiment to obtain the data. By this method a specific experiment is  designed and performed by the researcher under specific and controlled conditions. The third method is performing a survey, this method consist of selecting a sample and delivered them several question and record the information given by respondents. The last method is the observation, by this method the researcher observes behavior of the population in their natural environment and records the findings. As our data collection method we chose the survey that will be delivered to the selected sample of Blockbuster customers in Puerto Rico. Our survey will contain several questions to be answered and will consist in to parts. The first one will have multiple choice questions and the second one will have question that will require the opinion of the respondent. This method will allow us to have and insight on what was the real reason behind Blockbuster’s bankruptcy, and the closure of its video stores. This surveys will be sent by email to the personal email address of the respondents. They will have 7 days to answer it and send it back by email. Once the responses are received the answer given in the multiple choice question will be tabulated and the others will be recorded and analyzed. Reference University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 6. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Statistic for Business and Economics 11th Chapter 7. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 10. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 11. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website. University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Three Statistics: Business Research Methods 11th Chapter 12. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, QNT/561PR website.

Noble :: essays research papers

â€Å"Are children noble savages, naturally pure and innately good, or are they just savages, lovable savages.† I think that Barbara Lerner argues that all children have some good and evil in them. It’s just to see who they grow up with and which crowd they hang around with, but sometimes its not the crowd they hang with it might be there parents, teachers, people at school. Evil is within us all. â€Å"The darkness is out there, not in us.† I don’t think thats really true in some cases. Children are a portal to our past, and through experience they become our present and future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne had an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester in result was pregnat with a baby girl whom she named Pearl. Pearl is the symbol of Hesters public punishment for her adultery. Which would be considered evil to the Puritan since she had some demon like traits. So she had evil traits does it really matter to me it doesn't matter at all cuz some people say THaet i m evil but really i m not so yea It's a good vs evil in this short paper. So hehehe hahaha I m evil I m the devil. â€Å"Are children noble savages, naturally pure and innately good, or are they just savages, lovable savages.† I think that Barbara Lerner argues that all children have some good and evil in them. It’s just to see who they grow up with and which crowd they hang around with, but sometimes its not the crowd they hang with it might be there parents, teachers, people at school. Evil is within us all. â€Å"The darkness is out there, not in us.† I don’t think thats really true in some cases.

The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Birthmark”

Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection. The Unattainability of Perfection: A Critical Analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark† Perfection is one of the most sought-after qualities in society. People are willing to shell out large sums of money for dieting plans, training regimens, and plastic surgery – all in an attempt to be perfect, whether that means having a slim waist, a defined core, or a more attractive nose. However, nobody is flawless. Even if an individual alters their physical appearance to what they believe to be â€Å"perfect,† they will nonetheless have other, non-physical faults that will limit their ability to attain perfection. Nathaniel Hawthorne, a 19th century American writer, expressed his feelings about the attainability of perfection in his fiction.In particular, in â€Å"The Birthmark,† Hawthorne uses the birthmark as a symbol, the characterization of Georgiana, and the foreshadowing of Georgiana's death to promote the unrealistic nature of perfection; Hawthorne highlights the impracticality of flawlessness so that society, in general, will stop going to great len gths trying to achieve the unachievable and, instead, spend their collective time more productively. To begin with, to endorse the improbability of perfection, Hawthorne establishes Georgiana’s birthmark as a symbol of earthly imperfection.For instance, the birthmark is described as being â€Å"the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature [†¦] stamps ineffaceably on all her productions, either to imply that they are temporary and finite, or that their perfection must be wrought by toil and pain† (Hawthorne 14). From this, it is evident that the birthmark represents, not only the mortality of humans, but that while humans are mortal, perfection is elusive. Hawthorne goes so far as to indicate that the birthmark is â€Å"a symbol of his wife’s liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death [†¦] [and that it is a] symbol of imperfection [†¦] [of which] the spectral hand [†¦] wrote mortality† (14).Although Georgiana is otherwise a beautiful woman, her birthmark keeps her from being flawless. Hawthorne promotes the unrealistic nature of perfection in that, even though many may be relatively close to achieving perfection, there will always be one small factor that stands in the way – in Georgiana’s case, it is her birthmark. Moreover, Hawthorne’s characterization of Georgiana’s physical attributes, most notably her birthmark, accentuates the unlikelihood of achieving perfection.Specifically, â€Å"in the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a singular mark [†¦] [that] wore a tint of deeper crimson, which imperfectly defined its shape amid the surrounding rosiness† (13). It is interesting to note that, although Georgiana is labeled a gorgeous woman, the only aspect of her physical appearance that Hawthorne describes in detail is that of her birthmark – the symbol of imperfection. Hawthorne does this intentionally to fully emphasize the notion that perfection is unattain able and that it is wrong for people, such as Aylmer, to believe otherwise.Furthermore, Aylmer deems his wife’s birthmark as having â€Å"an almost fearful distinctness [†¦] [whose] shape bore not a little similarity to the human hand† (13). From this, a connection is made between the birthmark and mortality, in that Georgiana’s birthmark is depicted as being in the shape of a human hand and not, for example, the hand belonging to G-d. This serves as a reminder that Georgiana is human and that, so long as that is the case, it is unfeasible to achieve perfection of any kind.Similarly, Hawthorne evokes the unlikelihood of attaining perfection by foreshadowing Georgiana’s death. For instance, Aylmer dreams of â€Å"attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark, [†¦] [whose] tiny grasp appeared to have caught hold of Georgiana’s heart [†¦]; [Aylmer] was [†¦] resolved to cut [†¦] it away† (15). Even in Aylmerâ €™s dream, it appears difficult to achieve perfection – and the dream world is not reality. As a result, Hawthorne is commenting on the fact that, in the real world, it is virtually impossible to attain flawlessness.Later on, Aylmer insists that Georgiana touch the â€Å"perfect and lovely flower [†¦] [which] no sooner [†¦] suffered a blight, its leaves turning coal-black as if by the agency of fire† (18). From this, Hawthorne makes the point that perfection is unattainable. The moment Georgiana touches the otherwise perfect flower, the plant dies – foreshadowing Aylmer’s impending failure. This failure, in addition, is foreshadowed when Georgiana, reading through her husband’s folio of past experiments, discovers that â€Å"his most splendid successes were almost invariably failures† (20).This example of foreshadowing Georgiana’s death, again, indicates that their intention for perfection is not a fruitful one. To advoc ate the degree of difficulty associated with achieving perfection, Hawthorne, in his short story â€Å"The Birthmark,† employs the birthmark as a symbol of imperfection, characterizes Georgiana’s physical attributes, and foreshadows Georgiana’s death; from this, Hawthorne hopes people will acknowledge the senselessness inherent in trying to be perfect and use their time to accomplish more realistic goals.It is evident that Hawthorne’s outlook on the inability to achieve perfection is sensical. For example, people the world over spend not only time, but their hard-earned money, on various products and endeavors that they believe will bring them closer to perfection. However, no matter how â€Å"close† these people get, they will never be fully capable of obtaining perfection. Instead of getting plastic surgery, a toupee, using steroids, or dieting excessively, people would be better off accepting who they truly are. That is the closest anybody will ever get to achieving perfection.

Assessment task †SHC 21 Introduction to communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings Essay

Communication is about making contact with others and being understood. When communicating, people send and receive messages continuously. As an early years practitioner working with children and young people, effective communication is essential to ensure that I can create the best provision for the children and young people I am work with. In my setting, when you look at all the interacting and communications between children, young people and adults through the activities, it shows there are so many reasons why people communicate. Making relationships When we communicate, we make new relationships with children, parents, carers or colleagues. I should use positive communication skills to make a good first impression in relationships, for example, being friendly, smiling, shaking hands when I greet the person. Developing relationships As an early years practitioner, I should develop a relationship with children, young people, their parents, carers and colleagues by maintaining a friendly and supportive approach and by being interested in what other people are doing and feeling. This enables them to feel comfortable and secure, knowing that they can trust and rely on my professional service. Obtaining and sharing information As an early years practitioner, I may need to obtain and share information about children and young people who I work for with colleagues and other agencies to ensure the team is fully informed. I also need to communicate with children and young people or their family members about the care and support they received or about the kinds of services and facilities that are available in our setting. Expressing thoughts and ideas I may need to communicate with my colleagues to share my thoughts and ideas about aspects of practice in my setting, and also I should use effective communication skills to encourage children and young people to talk about what they have learnt, say what they think or express themselves imaginatively. Giving and receiving support Children and young people often seek reassurance from adults as a way of developing their self- confidence. As a practitioner, I should use my positive communication skill to praise them, give them time and attention to reward their efforts and achievements. I also should communicate with my manager and colleagues to receive the support and reassurance about my work performance. Expressing feelings, wishes, needs and preferences As an early years practitioner, I need use my positive communication skills to encourage children and young people to express their feelings and needs and to talk about how they wish to be treated, as well as to say what they like and dislike. In the early years setting, there are so many reasons people communicate, I should use communication skill positively and effectively to ensure good quality service.