Organizational Structure Pluralist Society

Question: Depict about the Organizational Structure for Pluralist Society. Answer: Presentation Essentially, this work dives on farming industry in Australia. Under this industry, the point of convergence would be on Australian Agricultural Company (AACo). The previously mentioned organization is a legitimate firm that was built up in 1824 and headquartered at Brisbane. The activity of AACo is midway pegged on cows keeping and creature items. In a perfect world, AACo is set up on an immense place that is known for roughly 1000, 000 sections of land which covers an extremely far reaching land that was put aside by the British parliament for steers keeping. The organization source a large portion of its salary from the Meat Processing Industry (Claydon, Knight Rado, 2012). Throughout the previous five years, budgetary records show that the firm has been performing great. This is ascribed by the way that in 2015, the organization enlisted an income accumulating to $561, 026, 000. This was an extraordinary presentation considering a portion of the fundamental elements as standard t hat season that the vast majority of the firm were encountering hardened finishing from different marketeers comprehensively. AACo is under the initiative of Mr Jason Strong who is the Chief Executive Officer. Mr Strong works nearby the Chairman of AACo named Mr Donald McGauchie who is a non-part in the association (Dessler, 2012).The firm has separated its activity into two significant fragments alluded to as dairy cattle and land. This bit of work will hence explain on companys Structure, its authority style giving techniques that have been set down in the perspective on enhancing the proficiency and execution of the firm to understand its definitive target in the midst of solid rivalry from different nations delivering similar items to the market. Companys Structure Accodimg to Gill (2012). AACo has concocted new business structure to fulfill the rising needs for the firm items in the market. This structure is outfitted towards bettering their presentation and productivity. Its gracefully chain is organized in three particular chains to be specific; Grassfed cows, Grainfed dairy cattle and Northern Beef. It is imperative to underscore that AACo possesses 18 cows stations in various areas that covers 6.4 million hectares. The previously mentioned is planned for lessening a few escape clauses in its activity. Besides, this chain is planned for expanding proportion item (Collins, Leberman Trenberth, 2012). On the equivalent inhale the CEO and the other official group needs to set up $ 911 million abattoir in the perspective on expanding its deal and meat creation to the market at suitable time. The organization has thought of three division in the perspective on enhancing their profitability to make the work to be in easier manner. Each section is overseen by the human asset who makes sure that everything is directed well and that the government assistance of the representatives are met having been furnished with the necessary things for the activity before the initiation of obligation. Additionally, the three sections make it simpler during taking care of the said creatures that is hamburger. Note that steers are taken care of diversely and consequently require exceptionally unmistakable fragments where the imperative consideration and care would be given to the said creatures to increment on their profitability. Companys authority style AACo works under solid authority a reality that puts it at a superior position and making it to be respectable firm all inclusive. As prior referenced the CEO of AACo is Mr. Jason. This current CEO utilizes great administration style that has made the firm to be extremely serious and above all have the option to perform well in the (Leberman, Collins Trenberth, 2012). Taking a gander at the accomplishments of Mr. Jason, it is expressly evident that the individual utilizes diverse administrative procedures which is equipped towards improving the exhibition of AACo and acknowledge great benefits. AACo has very much organized administration beginning from CEO to human asset supervisors who are allocated obligations to be accountable for various portions for viability (Waniganayake, Cheeseman, Fenech, Hadley Shepherd, 2012). Australian Beef Industry Foundation (ABIF) recognize the energetic exertion that was made by Mr Jason in changing the essence of AACo. Prominently, ABIF deliberated him with the Life participation for his praiseworthy exhibition in the organization considering the way that he has worked in various limits in the organization. The CEO of AACo utilizes transformative sort of administration. A transformational pioneer is the person who might wish to see new changes have been influenced in the framework for better usefulness and development of the business. A decent sign of his transformative style of initiative is confirm where the structure of the firm is divided into three under the new arrangement proposed by Mr. Jason. At first the organization was working under the two portions to be specific dairy cattle and land which demonstrated not to be exceptionally compelling. Another advancement of the authority is that $ 91 million has been put aside to grow this business by extending abattoir (Eunson, 2012). Thusly, the organization would be vale to address the issues of the developing number of customers inside Australia and universally. Additional ly, it is essential to express that Mr. Jason is well disposed pioneer and in this manner agrees the worker opportunity to air their perspectives so as to help the organization understand its mishaps for restorative measures to be set up. This methodology supposedly is the best and results to incalculable accomplishment to the organization that utilizes such strategy in its authority. A decent initiative style is the one that is synchronized with some hypothetical structure of administration. A portion of the outstanding hypothesis of authority are Path Goal hypothesis, Managerial lattice hypothesis hypothesized by Blake and possibilities hypothesis (Thorpe, Buti, Davies, Fridman Jonson, 2013). Taking a gander at the authority of Mr. Jason, one can without much of a stretch derive a component of Path Goal hypothesis approach. Under the previously mentioned hypothesis, the pioneer is focussed to accomplish something to help the organization. This exertion is outfitted towards underst anding the center objective of the association. Additionally, the initiative of Mr. Jason might be recognized using administrative network hypothesis. Since the previously mentioned hypothesis is partition in certain portions, there are various properties that are given portraying a specific chief. In any case, it is perfect to show that the CEO of AACo moves his workers an explanation that makes the firm to be among the main organization that manages creature items internationally. The table beneath shows the rundown of its executives and supervisory group. Source: (Scott, 2013) Chiefs Name Position Start Date Mr Jason Strong CEO, Managing Director 24 Jan 2014 Mr David Charles Crombie Non-Executive Director 5 Oct 2011 Mr Thomas (Tom) B Keene Non-Executive Director 5 Oct 2011 Mr Stuart Alexander Black Non-Executive Director 5 Oct 2011 Mr Anthony Abraham Non-Executive Director 7 Sep 2014 Dr Shehan Dissanayake Non-Executive Director 27 Apr 2012 Mr Neil Reisman Non-Executive Director 10 May 2016 Mr Donald Gordon McGauchie Non-Executive Director, Non-Executive Chairman 19 May 2010 The board Name Position A. Slatter CFO Bruce Bennett Organization Secretary G. Davis Senior supervisor - Innovation and Technology A. Bourke Senior supervisor - People and Culture C. Levick Senior supervisor - Sales and Marketing Companys Strategies inside Australia as well as abroad markets Seeleman, El As (2015) attest that AACo has set out some great procedures to enhance their presentation and administration conveyance to the developing business sector both locally and universally. A portion of the outstanding advance it has grasped is the issue of utilizing both on the web and disconnected intends to advertise its image. The utilization of disconnected methods incorporates utilizing the print media, for example, magazine, papers, diaries, leaflet and TV implies. This is viewed as the customary methods for promoting; be that as it may, its job can't be misjudged since they are numerous individuals who despite everything depend on it for firsthand data (Strang, 2015). Since the organization is serving immense market past the circle of Australia, it has too grasped the utilization of online methods, for example, opening a site where they advertise their image all around. Through online methods, AACo can arrive at enhanced customers from various country and accordingly assuming a noteworthy job in extending their market (Hoye, Smith, Nicholson Stewart, 2015). AACo additionally manages hamburger items a reality that empowers it to appropriate a portion of their canned meat to certain eateries and establishments that are situated inside Australia. Appropriate systems and great administrative initiative makes it workable for the firm to have effective conveyance of its items (Weaver Willnat, 2012). Additionally, the organization move its items abroad to Asia nations and America where its utilization is extremely high. It additionally does legitimate advertising at this country in order to completely sharpen the network on its item and educating them on assortment regarding the items they offer to the market. Aside from showcasing, AACo is building up more stores where various customers from Australia may gain admittance to its item from the closest strip malls. This has likewise been believed to have assumed huge job in augmenting its market and their deals. Due to the companys notoriety, it is putting some acceptable measures to make sure that it elevates its deal by arriving at potential customers who are topographically spread in various goals (Raphael, 2012). AACo has assortment of items that best suits the necessities of the customers. It is because of this broadening on items that they are at better situation to build their deal consistently. The better slight

Naming, Taxonomy, Classification of viruses Essay

Naming, Taxonomy, Classification of infections - Essay Example Different instances of pathogens incorporate the nematodes, organisms and microorganisms. In Biology, the term classification is utilized to allude to the naming the different scientific classifications according to the universal shows. With regards to the naming of infections, there is an uncommon body entrusted with this obligation. It is known as the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), (once in the past known as the International Committee on the Nomenclature of Viruses) which was set up in 1966. It is the council of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. In contrast to the classification of other living life forms, infections are not named as for Carolus Linnaeus’ Latinized binomial framework. They are named by utilization of expressions of English root new global scientific classifications this is as indicated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, R. I. B. Francki (1991). Rule No. 10 †rules relating the spelling of names concerning the language utilized are laid out in Section 6 of Chapter 3 of the proposed viral classification. This is according to the minutes of the gathering held in Moscow in 1966, Rule No. 13 - where settled upon, the images may come after a shortened form of a Latin name of a given host class of a specific host, however in the event that need be, a complete name rather than the condensing may in any case be utilized, With regards to the scientific classification of infections, which is the characterization of infections into different scientific classifications, the International Committee n Taxonomy of Viruses concocted a brought together scientific categorization. The order framework utilizes the underneath positioned taxons; The present rundown from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) shows that there are three (3) viral requests to be specific; Caudovirales †these are the followed twofold abandoned deoxyribonucleic corrosive (dsDNA) phages, Mononegavirales †these are the ones having wrapped globular virons bearing comparable single abandoned negative ribonucleic corrosive (ss (- ) RNA) genomes and

Analysis of Animosity and Sexism in Sporting Activities Involving Women

Examination of Animosity and Sexism in Sporting Activities Involving Women All through this paper the issues of ladies, sports, generalizing and openings that are/are not accessible to females in the expert field of games will be investigated. In fact, bigotry and sexism has generally (and keeps on being an incredible degree) saturated with American culture, just as organizations. There have been various laws passed with respect to this training, for example Governmental policy regarding minorities in society being the one increasingly striking, just as others. By and by, from a legitimate, social, and political viewpoint, females are as yet generalized as the more fragile sex, and definitely this attitude keeps on affecting ladies in U.S. society, just as capacities inside different parts of society. It is my expectation to address these factors both separately just as interweaving units. Inside the universe of sports, or games, we have especially observed proof of this inside the Olympics. The Olympics is the exemplification of sports for all individuals, male, female, just as shading, and ethnicity from around the globe. Title IX should change the world, and it has: the quantity of ladies taking an interest in school sports has bounced up impressive since the law was ordered a quarter century back. In any case, the world changes gradually. U.S.A. Today reviewed 303 Division I schools to see where Title IX has taken us in it a quarter century and found that men despite everything get a large portion of the cash. Taken together, the outcomes resemble a decent new, terrible news joke. The uplifting news: the quantity of female competitors has expanded 22% since 1992. The awful: for each one-dollar spent on lady s schools sports three dollars is spent on men s. Female competitors get only 38% of the grant cash, 27% of enlisting cash and 25% of working financial plans. I t is urging to see the increments for ladies however demoralizing to see that they are not so much sharing similarly in the cash. The cash side of the record despite everything gets the tremendous measure of the cash, says Patty Viverito, Chairwoman of the NCAA s Committee on Women s Athletics. The paper investigated the issue in late 1995, when it expressed numbers for 1994 of the 107 Division I-A school. From that point forward, the Equity In Athletics Disclosure Act, requires all schools to report information on people s sports. The Federal law produced results April 1, 1997. To guarantee that A school is in consistence with Title IX, The Department of Education office for Civil Rights, utilizes a three-pronged test to choose. A school is in consistence on the off chance that it passes a solitary prong. One prong requests that its school show a past filled with proceeding with development of ladies s sports programs. Another inquires as to whether intrigue and capacities of ladies competitors have been met. The main quantifiable prong inquires as to whether the level of ladies competitors at a school is generously relative to the level of ladies in its undergrad enlistment. Despite the fact that the standards don't determine what establishes considerably proportionality, some out of court settlements recommend going in close vicinity to five rate focuses may be sufficient. U.S.A. Today found that 28 of the 303 Division I-A schools, just 9% finished the proportionality assessment. That remembers 9 of 108 schools for Division I-A, comprised of big time foot ball schools. That is a similar number gone in 1995. (Brady and Witosky, p, o4C) A few pundits have expressed that Title IX has no forces of authorization. Verifiably it has taken a claim by female competitors to accomplish remedial activity. For instance, the Black Women In Sports Foundation has gotten a $50,000 award structure Athletic Footwear Association to direct a program that will present African American young ladies and ladies to golf and tennis, and to one another in ten U.S. urban areas. The program to start before long will prepare dark ladies in the components of sports and tutoring strategies. At that point the guides will be coordinated with young ladies who are keen on learning sports. We need to make connections that will proceed as the grown-up and kid gain proficiency with the game together, said Gina Sloane Green, President and Executive Director of the Foundation We are doing whatever it takes not to enroll grown-ups who are experienced players. Rather, our grown-up guides need just a solid enthusiasm for learning the game and a craving to ma ke commitments to a youngster s life. The picked urban communities picked for the program are: Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Norfolk, Philadelphia, Salt Lake City, and Washington D.C. The establishment would like to include somewhere in the range of 100 and 150 tutors and kids in every city during the principal year. Neighborhood organizers and educators are being selected who will lead a progression of facilities. They will be held first for the grown-ups and afterward for the grown-ups and youngsters together. After that the coach grown-up is answerable for enrolling the kid in a nearby games program and for giving transportation. We intend to mastermind grants to nearby associations and projects with the goal that the kids can proceed to play and learn for whatever length of time that they need Green said. The Black Women In Sports Foundation was built up in 1992 to expand open doors for African American ladies in all degrees of sports, from cooperation, to lifetime vocations. In 1993, it created a video, entitled, Amazing Grace, Black Women In Sports, that urges young ladies to seek after profession openings in sports. The Athletic Footwear Association supports the video. (Walter, p. A-8) In my supposition there has been a progressing exertion to propel ladies in sports. Quite a bit of this has to do with alleged Civil Rights, or giving U.S. residents equivalent chances. Social equality, Affirmative Action and so forth., has been the custom in the course of the last 20 or 30 years, and luckily for ladies in sports, it has filled in as a factor in propelling ladies in sports. As of late, Timer Incorporated declared that it would make a big appearance the main test issue of Sports Illustrated Women/Sports on April 21. The magazine, focused on ladies 18-34, will be sent to 450,000 female Sports Illustrated supporters just as ladies chose structure a Time Warner database, and 250,000 duplicates will be sent to newspaper kiosks available to be purchased. The principal issue will have in excess of 100 article pages and 70 publicizing pages. The new magazine was to have distribution twice in 1997 with finished frequencies in 1998. It has been said that surly elderly people men had their way in the Olympics for ages. Anyway when we take a gander at Atlanta we can see another leaf turning over. In the Atlanta games there was 36% more ladies contending then in some other past Olympics. The greater part of the conspicuous names on the American group were ladies. Jackie-Joyner-Kersee, Janet Evans, Mia Hamm, Shannon Miller, Gail Devers, Rebecca Lobo, and so forth. Two new Olympics sports have been included for ladies this year: soccer, and softball. Just because U.S.A. ball put ladies under expert agreement for a year to prepare an Olympic group instead of assemble school all stars at last. In Track and Field, the 5,000 meter run has swapped its 3,000 for ladies and the triple bounce has been included for ladies, to look increasingly like the men s program. There has been progress, and mostly for the correct reasons, said Donna Deverona, twice an Olympian and twice gold medallist in swimming in the 1960 . This was w hen female game victors were what she called one of a kind pioneers. Deverona recognizes that the development of ladies group activities in the Olympics is a positive development. She proceeds to express The group is earlier the male sandbox, and ladies need to realize that they can be cooperative individuals, that they can be forceful, sweat, and work together, and have methodologies. Rebecca Lobo, previous University of Connecticut ball whiz, expressed My own experience was that ladies just contended in sports like acrobatic, swimming and plunging when I viewed the Olympics. I think its brilliant for young ladies presently to see group activities on TV, as well, on the grounds that much a greater number of children play group activities as opposed to singular games. Mia Hamm, the world s best female soccer player, states We tell individuals we are the U.S. National soccer group and we are going to World Championship s Tournament or something to that effect and it s Oh, that s plea sant , But since we can connect the word Olympics to ourselves, they can relate to that. Joan Benoit Samuleson, hero of the first historically speaking ladies s Olympic long distance race in quite a while, There weren t opportunity s for ladies in running at that point, and having three siblings and being serious, I had the skiing. I would go that route By the time Samuleson won the long distance race gold it was 2474 years after man previously ran a long distance race (a Greek courier) and 88 years after a man won the long distance race in the principal current Olympics. Samuleson proceeds to express The longest race I ran in secondary school was 800 meters, since they felt that if ladies ran more remote, it could cause real injury and they would be not able to hold up under kids, she proceeds to state We are gaining ground a seemingly endless amount of time after year and you know, Rome was not worked in a day. Since the fourteenth century men have battled to keep ladies out of the Olympic games. It would not be until the sixth current Olympics in 1920 in Antwerp that the United States permitted ladies to contend. Additionally, it was not until the most recent two decades, under the present International Olympic Committee and President Juan Antonio Samanach, that ladies s cooperation started to develop altogether. For the 1976 Montreal Olympics, the male to female proportion for competitors was 6 to 1, for the Atlanta games it was 3 to 1. We can see that we are moving the correct way. The section of Title IX in 1972, government enactment that orders full balance for ladies s intercollegiate games, encounters and desires for young ladies and ladies started to change significantly. As of late female lawmakers in Germany approached the IOC to ban from the Olympics any country endeavoring to prohibit female interest, They expressed that 35 nations had enlisted just male competitors for Atlanta.

Market Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market Intervention - Essay Example The prime contention for the commencement of least wages has been the evacuation of financial difference. As it has been watched on numerous occasions that the poor specialists have been denied of the base offices and advantages by the businesses everywhere throughout the globe, the idea of least wages planned to end the financial abuse. Joined Kingdom has not been an exemption either. It was in the time of 1999 that the administration of United Kingdom (drove by the Labor Party) presented the lowest pay permitted by law. The commencement of the ‘National Minimum Wage’ is considered as one of the most huge mediations by the legislature in the work advertise. The other significant gathering of the United Kingdom, the Conservative Party which contradicted the lowest pay permitted by law beforehand in 1991, likewise vouched for the reason since 2005. The significant goal of the base wages has been the ascent of way of life of the average workers of the general public (Cente r for Economic Performance, â€Å"Policy Analysis†). Before the usage of least wages, the concerned quarters of the business estimated that the establishment of least wages may diminish up to 2,000,000 of employments alone in the market of United Kingdom. It was so anticipated in light of the fact that it was assessed that the businesses will diminish the quantity of posts as they would need to pay least wages for any new work and in this way, they would prefer to attempt to extricate more work from the individuals who as of now have higher pay. Be that as it may, the different research reports arranged in the resulting years demonstrated such theory to be unreasonable as there was no revealed updates on overflow. The usage of the lowest pay permitted by law end up being very valuable to the female workforce of the United Kingdom. Likewise, it was seen that the usage of such compensation structure added to increment of pay for about 5% to 6% of the workforce of the United Kingdom during the underlying years.

Nationalism vs. Cosmopolitanism Essay Example

Patriotism versus Cosmopolitanism Essay The proceeding with wonder of globalization has made researchers perceive qualifications and at last connections between the worldwide and neighborhood with regards to social, political and social undertakings. â€Å"Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture† by Ulf Hannerz approaches a comprehension of the connection among cosmopolitanism and territory on the planet through the viewpoint of the individual, while Mary Kaldor’s â€Å"Cosmopolitanism Versus Nationalism: The New Divide? addresses the contention between the use of cosmopolitanism in the political field and ideas of new patriotism. Together these articles propose the apparently oppositional powers of worldwide and nearby are reliant and perceive the declining impact of the country state and regional limits as means for character. Hannerz affirms cosmopolitanism as a point of view or way to deal with thinking about importance, and addresses the perspectives accepted by cosmopolitan people. Cosmopolitans try to draw in and partake with different societies, for â€Å"the point of view of the cosmopolitan must involve connections to a majority of societies comprehended as particular entities† (Hannerz 239). Hannerz claims cosmopolitanism as a direction towards assorted variety, with the end goal that the individual experience can be normal for a few distinct societies. In encountering various societies, the cosmopolitan looks for differentiate not consistency. This mentality, as Hannerz recommends, requires a sort of capability where the individual accomplishes the â€Å"personal capacity to make one’s path into different societies, through tuning in, looking, intuiting and reflecting† (Hannerz 239). This social skill is required for incorporating oneself into an outside arrangement of issues and participating in a specific culture. In tending to the cosmopolitan’s ability with respect to remote societies, Hannerz brings up a dumbfounding connection between thoughts of authority and give up. We will compose a custom paper test on Nationalism versus Cosmopolitanism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Nationalism versus Cosmopolitanism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Nationalism versus Cosmopolitanism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer While a cosmopolitan may sort out discrete social encounters to shape his own point of view, Hannerz asserts a cosmopolitan must acquiescence to all the components of an outsider culture so as to really encounter it. In this manner a feeling of dominance originates from giving up social beginnings, for â€Å"cosmopolitan’s give up to the outsider culture suggests individual independence opposite the way of life where he originated† (Hannerz 240). This suggests the cosmopolitan may separate from his way of life of root to take part in outsider societies and the other way around. This commitment separates from that of a vacationer. While sightseers go about as observers to a culture, cosmopolitans disprove the thoughts of the travel industry and look for investment. Hannerz declares a cosmopolitan’s reliance on local people. He presents the worry that the rise of a world culture will bring about the homogenization of the worldwide bringing about the loss of neighborhood culture. In any case, Hannerz battles that cosmopolitans, similar to local people, convey a common enthusiasm for social assorted variety and the conservation of neighborhood culture. However, with the goal for cosmopolitans to draw in themselves in outsider societies, these societies must be happy to suit them. An associated relationship exists, in this manner, among cosmopolitanism and region, in which local people must oblige cosmopolitans and cosmopolitans look to safeguard social decent variety. Mary Kaldor portrays globalization as a redesign of intensity, which places accentuation on the worldwide and neighborhood while sabotaging the impact of the country state. Kaldor brings up the move from vertically composed societies, which were dictated by an area and religion, to on a level plane sorted out societies that rose up out of transnational systems. This procedure of globalization makes comprehensive transnational systems of individuals and, in doing as such, it forgets about the far reaching lion's share. As far as monetary impacts, globalization has made the gracefully of items be founded on request and not regionally based large scale manufacturing. Kaldor attests this monetary move has caused â€Å"global and nearby degrees of association [to] have developed in significance while national degrees of association, related with an accentuation on creation, have correspondingly declined† (Kaldor 44). Globalization has caused a progress from accentuation on country state level coordinated effort to worldwide and nearby degrees of cooperation. Kaldor states the development of transnational establishments has advanced direct connections among neighborhood and worldwide endeavors. Neighborhood and provincial governmental issues have impacted formal and casual types of participation between isolated nations, for example, eco-accommodating activities to reuse and control squander. Likewise, Kaldor takes note of that nongovernmental associations have assumed a job in bypassing national administration to advance compassionate endeavors. These NGOs â€Å"are generally dynamic at the neighborhood and transnational levels incompletely in light of the fact that these are the locales of the issues they are worried about and halfway on the grounds that the definition of national arrangement remains the firmly monitored territory of broadly composed political parties† (Kaldor 45). Notwithstanding NGOs having little impact over national governments, national types of government are expanding transnational connections and, therefore, government associations are decentralizing and getting all the more on a level plane sorted out. Kaldor addresses the thought of new patriotism as a reaction to globalization, which asserts the debilitating impact of country states. This idea of new patriotism surmises â€Å"a recharged pledge to existing country states and a rediscovery or reexamination of past enormity and past injustices† (Kaldor 48). Kaldor affirms a â€Å"we-them† qualification in which â€Å"we† recognizes a typical culture and â€Å"them† distinguishes an outside foe based on military danger or separate ethnicity. This new patriotism originates from a response to the debilitating authenticity of political classes and a response to globalization by ethicalness of the â€Å"new lawful and unlawful methods for getting by that have jumped up among the prohibited pieces of society† (Kaldor 49). This new patriotism is utilized as a type of political activation, yet generally the utilization of patriotism as a wellspring of political versatility has demonstrated to be a reason for debasement. Kaldor clarifies that since globalization creates proficiency and high efficiency through innovation and worry of neighborhood request, the joblessness rate among assembly line laborers has risen. This makes hatred to ideas of globalization by the jobless and, consequently, the longing for country state assurance of employments. Kaldor declares this is counter-beneficial and recommends an answer where a â€Å"transnational layer of governance†¦would exist together with other layer[s] â€national, neighborhood, and regional† to secure nearby networks and help with issues, for example, contamination, savagery and neediness (Kaldor 54). Kaldor claims that resting political force in the discussion of country states is wasteful since country states have gotten barren. While Mary Kaldor gives an engaged social/political record of cosmopolitanism and Hannerz offers a record focused on singular encounters, the two articles attest the shared connection between ideas of cosmopolitanism and territory. Kaldor claims â€Å"the partition among cosmopolitanism and patriotism [which] can be deciphered as a challenge for the post-country state political request â€between the individuals who favor another assorted variety of transnational, national and nearby types of sway and the individuals who need to assemble fragmentary regional fiefdoms† (Kaldor 56). The two creators concur on the benefits of advancing universal systems and discredit the discretionary attracting of regional lines to engage country states and rather favor the strengthening of transnational procedures that place accentuation on relations between the nearby and worldwide. Book index Hannerz, Ulf. 1990. â€Å"Cosmopolitans and Locals in World Culture† Theory, Culture, and Society 7:237-251. Kaldor, Mary. 1996. â€Å"Cosmopolitanism versus Patriotism, The New Divide? † from Richard Caplan and John Feffer, eds. Europe’s New Nationalisms: Stats and Minorities in Conflict. Oxford University Press. 42-57.

Organization and Inequality in a Knowledge Economy - Free Essay Example

In the era of knowledge economy, having a huge amount of interest in knowledge is often taken for granted. For example, accountants, programmers, physicians, architects, and financial analysts all enjoy high levels of treatment and social status. Making money with creativity is the object of envy and admiration. Thousands of people around the world work in their own garages, hoping that one day they will be like Bill Gates. Knowledge entrepreneurs have become the latest model. In the past, capitalists were criticized for exploiting labor to become rich, but now there is no new Mark private. It is another exploitation to explore whether or not to possess knowledge. Perhaps there should be no new mark private at all. One of the important pillars of the knowledge economy to maintain is not the intellectual property rights? But the problem still needs to be solved. How can people who make big money by knowledge have more feedback? In the past, the policy of the national balance gap was still effective, such as progressive income tax, minimum wage, and employment subsidy. There seems to be no answer, and the feasibility of the tentative suggestion is not optimistic. The book Unreal Paradise can be seen as a representative of this aspect, and it provides a profound review of the benefits of economic globalization claims. A description of the global market: Traders computers are constantly searching the global market, and once they discover the opportunity to start, global investors are constantly looking for low-cost, high-productivity, and maximum profits in the global economic system. This is a portrayal of the huge profits of those with the best technology and information. More importantly, these people do not give back to the community (whether local or home), but instead transfer funds to the areas with the least tax and the least regulation. The policy of national redistribution is not implemented by these people, or it is greatly discounted.

What the Pros Are Saying About Professional Custom Essays and How This impacts You

What the Pros Are Saying About Professional Custom Essays and How This impacts You Today, everyone can rely on professional custom writing service help in various situations. If it's the first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have plenty of questions. Needless to say, very good work cannot be cheap, but we also attempt to keep pace with our clients' needs and opportunities. At some stage, you will also need to settle on which type of editing to pay. Essay writing services UK are good when they're delivered in time. Our writers be careful to adhere to the greatest standards in custom writing service. Only professional customized assignment writing services can provide a wide selection of areas. Just professional personalized assignment writing services can provide an extensive selection of areas. Use the aid of true academic experts and receive the service you have earned! Our expert is always ready to reply to you as fast as possible with precise info. Our experts understand how to facilitate your educational process by supplying top-notch essay writing services. The standard of an essay can be set by various elements. Welcome to where you get an expert customized essay service provided by top-rated essay writers in the business. Therefore it is critical to figure out about to compose a productive essay. Nowadays it's very hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Our UK custom essay writers have access to the most effective scholarly libraries online and so they can locate the most suitable materials to serve as sources for your paper. Our experienced and trained writers have a huge experience of writing on several kinds of essays. Get in touch with the expert essay writers for any form of writing project you require assistance with. Therefore, don't hesitate to reach out to the group of writers if you need assistance with uk essays or any other sorts of papers. While perfecting or advising on a distinct unfinished work is a facility which is not typically provided by a customized essay writing UK, it's still provided by some of the greatest custom essay writing services on earth. You only have to let us know which form or kind of essay you require assistance in. You'll access low-cost essay writing services instantaneously! Just complete the purchase form online with particulars of the paper that you want to be written. Our writers will thoroughly examine your first instructions to make sure that completed order meets all of your expectations. Proceed to the Order Now page and there you need to complete some personal particulars and the order details. With a simple purchase procedure, it couldn't receive any simpler. What You Should Do to Find Out About Professional Custom Essays Before You're Left Behind Customized essay UK has been at the forefront of supplying essay services for students, not just from the united kingdom, but fr om all around the world for ages. Customers rave about the fantastic values they receive because we take action to offer much more for the price which other businesses that offerprofessional customized essays. Several organizations may also offer health along side other additional advantages. Otherwise, you risk writing a paper that is hard to understand what your principal argument is. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the majority of our clients require is essay writing. You'll have your assignment done by means of a writer with a degree associated with your topic. At our business, you can get any assignment round-the-clock. For this reason, you might be certain that the paper is the end result of meticulous hard work of several men and women. There won't be a plagiarism problems in the content you get at our site. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. Ou r writers cover several regions of expertise, which means you may rest assured that we'll deliver exceptionally-written content irrespective of your topic. Dissertation writing is just one of the toughest coursework assignments your teacher may offer you. Essays are an essential portion of any college practice.

Sociological and Anthropological Definition of Religion

Explanation of how sociologist and anthropologists define religion Throughout the years, various anthropologists have developed definitions for religion. Emilie Durkheim was one of the first and many sociologists who studied the structure of religion and tried to define its’ function. Durkheim stated that â€Å"a religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden -- beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. Durkheim describes religion as the embodiment of society’s highest goals and ideals. He states that religion acts as a cohesive social force. It is real in that it exists in people’s minds and impels them to heed societal dictates, but what is perceived as external to society, like God, is a projection and reflection of society (Segal, The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion, 2006, p.5) For Malinowski, religion arose as a response to emotional stress. When technical knowledge proved insufficient, human beings turn to magic and religion in order to achieve their ends. Talal Asad concluded that â€Å"there cannot be a universal definition of religion, because its constituent elements and relationships are historically specific and because that definition is itself the historical product of discursive processes† (Segal, The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion, 2006, p.5). James George Frazer constructed a universalShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy, Phenomenology And Comparative Approachs851 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are six different approaches to religion. One approach is the psychological or individual aspect. Then there is the sociological approach which looks at group behavior. Then there is also the anthropological approach which is looks at societies, cultures and things of that nature. Lastly there is the philosophy, phenomenology and comparative appr oachs. The psychological approach to religion allows us to examine the individual. The psychology of religion is to understand the personal religiousRead MoreBecause Religion Is A Difficult Concept To Define, It Faces1709 Words   |  7 PagesBecause religion is a difficult concept to define, it faces several criticisms. To this day, it has never been possible to find a definition of religion that pleases the majority of the population. However, researchers in this area have never felt the need to have a definition to carry out their research. Religion is a somewhat different concept of economy, politics or history and the difficulty of defining it comes from the fact that these are not index terms but rather general concepts thatRead MoreReligion As A Cultural System1033 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the different approaches that anthropologists took in regards to religion, anthropologists thoroughly focused on the different aspects of religion through the theories conducted in the 19th and 20th century. These different theories conducted in the nineteenth and twentieth century allowed anthropologists to look at religion as a product of the interpenetrations of cultural systems rather than a unified system. Religion was viewed as a belief in all societies and is highly visible. ReligiousRead MoreDurkheim on Totemism1573 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In order to truly assess the legitimacy of Durkheim s functionalist definition of religion, his notion of Social facts, (upon which his theory is constructed) must be examined. Durkheim advocated that amongst the reputable fields of biology, psychology and history, Sociology also warranted a specific focus. It was, for him: a sui generis something that had to be explained on its own terms. Sociology was not, for Durkheim, a field that should be susceptible to overlapping subject matter:Read MoreArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman1040 Words   |  5 Pagesof Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Before his death in 1983, he received the MacIver Award (1961), the In Medias Res Award (1978), and was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Goffman has been noted as the most important American sociological theorist in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1963, Goffman published Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity to illustrate the lives of stigmatized individuals—those who are unable to conform to standards that society callsRead MoreAnalysis Of Meanings And Concepts Of Culture Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of meanings and concepts of culture The objective of this essay is to present and analyse the main definitions of the word culture through different social and historical processes, starting from the ancient times to the most modern times. Starting from the etymology of the word, the term culture derives from the latin word colà ¨re, that means to farm the land, and only after, this meaning was extended to the term cultus, that stands for a literate man, and there is a connectionRead MoreArranged Marriage From The Perspective Of All Three Social Sciences1950 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is an arranged marriage? An arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed to by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based off the type of arranged marriage. In the traditional arranged marriage the bride and groom have significant input and are not forced. Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positiveRead MoreArranged Marriage From The Perspective Of All Three Social Sciences2030 Words   |  9 PagesArranged Marriage What is an arranged marriage? An arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed to by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based off the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west most individuals have negativeRead MoreEthnic identites Essay1533 Words   |  7 Pagesconcept of ethnic identity calls for definition. The adjective â€Å"ethnic† relates to the fact of belonging to a certain human group, as defined by anthropological and cultural features. With such a wide meaning, the word and its derivative â€Å"ethnicity† raise issues as to their definition: there is no universally agreed definition on the term ethnicity. â€Å"Ethnicity refers to a group or community that is assumed to share common cu ltural practices and history. Religion, language and territory are all included

Growth Of Islamic Banking In The UK - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3750 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Islam is one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s three major monotheistic religions; the other two religions are Judaism and Christianity. All three religions are the same historical origins and have many familiar beliefs. The main principle of Islamic banking and finance are depend on Islamic laws known as Sharià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ah which mean (interest) (Riba) free. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Growth Of Islamic Banking In The UK" essay for you Create order Interest is strictly prohibited in Islam which means Muslim cannot receive or paid interest in any transaction in which money is exchange for money. The interest that you give in order to increase the wealth of the people does not increase in the sight of Allah and the Zakat that your pay in order to win Allahà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approval, its payers do indeed increases their wealth. This is very powerful and superb statement of Holy Quran which shows that interest is .prohibited by Allah because interest only increases wealth of individual not the society. Islamic banking is a financial system which is base on Islamic Sharià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ah law and it is interest free financial system. The concept of Islamic banking is interest free banking because interest (Riba) is totally prohibited in Islam. The main belief of Islamic banking and finance is to discover the range of Islamic financial tools for investor and businesses that how they all collaborate without interest and what is the strategy behind all that and how the banks and financial institution encourage non- Muslims clients and offer them to use Islamic banking and finance system instead of conventional banking system. The adverse impacts of interest on the world economy in general and economies of developing countries in particularly entail that it could be the biggest threat for the developing economies and also believed by many renowned economists. it is estimated that US$ 200 billion funds managed by Islamic banking. The client of Islamic banking is not only in Muslim countries but also spreading in over Europe, northern Africa and United States of America. Islamic banking is growing day by day in different part of the world, thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why Islamic bankers, keeping speed with the stylish techniques and latest development have developed investment instruments that are both profitable and fairly motivated. Approximately 250 different Islamic and Financial institutions are operating worldwide. The growth of Islamic banking is a big threat to a conventional banking system not only in UK but also all over the world. Islamic banking system has six main features according to its product analysis. Interest free product It is Trade-related and there is a perceived genuine need for the funds. It is in purest form, it is equity related Meant to avoid exploitation no interest Invests ethically There are retail, and wholesale applications. In practice there appears to be more emphasis on the prohibition and restructuring of interest than on the potentially exploitative aspect of financing. Islamic banks operate on the basis of profit and not on paying and receiving interest. The banks can earn profit from these ways like trading leasing and by direct financing in Profit and Loss sharing contracts. The structure and conditions of these transactions must confirm to Sharià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ah and fulfil its objectives. This means that banks advance money for productive activities on the basis of profit sharing principles. LITERATURE REVIEW With the beginning of 21st century there is a radical change and the number of Islamic banks increased and their geographical spread grew exceptionally and 76 countries covering all continents. There are number of publications in Arabic and Urdu, one of the famous books of (Qureshi 1946) regarding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islam and Theory of interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in which he seem that the public health and education is responsibility of government as a social services. Islam is concerned with the problem of economic development, but treats this as an important part of a wider problem, that of total human development. The primary function of Islam is to guide human development on correct lines and in the right direction. It deals with all aspects economic development but always in the framework of total human development and never in a form divorced from this perspective (Al-Harran 1993) Gerrard and Cunninghamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1997) study establishes that, in Singapore, where Muslims are in minority. The concept of Islamic banking system was not present amongst them in Muslim and non-Muslim. There are two different herd having two entirely different thoughts regarding movement of Islamic banking. For example when asked them, if Islamic bank could not make enough profit to share out among them in a period of one year so what they will do. Fifty two per cent of Muslims said they will prefer to continue their deposit with the movement of Islamic banking, and fifty six per cent non-Muslims said they will prefer to take out their money from Islamic banking. Since 1960s too much literature has been written on the topic of selection process of the banking system. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Holstius and Kaynak (1995), Kaynak (1986),Laroche et al (1986) and the working paper of Chan (1989)Eroland El-Bdour (1989)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? evaluate the bank selection process in relation to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“conventionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic banksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. There were three very important principle in the banking process of selection for Muslims were: first the provision of a fast and efficient service second the speed of transaction and third friendliness of bank personnel and as regard the non-Muslims, the three most important bank selection principle were: first, friendliness of bank personnel, second the provision of a fast and efficient service and third, the reputation and image of the bank. An Islamic bank is a mediator and trust of other peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ money like all others conventional banks the only one important thing which distinguish the Islamic banking to conventional banking which is induce all customers share in the form of profit and loss. This difference introduces an element of mutuality in Islamic banking, making its depositors as customers with some ownership rights inherent within it. However in practice, Islamic banks hardly look different from its conventional counterpart in terms of organizational set-up (Dar and Presley, 2000). Tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and other undesirable business sectors are excluded from Islamic investment. Ahmad, Chapter 7 Economics of Islam (Ahmad 1952), he give the picture of Islamic bank on foundation of a joint stock company with limited liability. According to his plan a current account of depositors where no pre-agreed interest and dividend would be paid. He gave the concept of Current account where depositors could participate with their capital as a partner with bank and get higher dividend as compare to account holder profit. Siddiqi(1968) gave a pioneer model which provide brief outline of Islamic banking. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“His model depends on Mudarabah and Shirka (partnership or Musharakah as it is now usually called)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. He divided the operation of Islamic banking into three different groups. Islamic bank will charge fees to provide any services for example commission or fixed charges. Foundation of financing in Islamic bank would be Mudarabah and partnership and services will be provided without any charges. According to his theory Islamic banking system is a feasible substitute of conventional banking system. Mohsin (1982) offered a new brief model of Islamic banking system in contemporary setting. His banking structure integrates the features of commercial, merchant, and development banks, mingle them in novel fashion. He include many non-banking services for example trust business, factoring, real estate and consultancy, as opinion that Islamic baking would be not stay alive with banking business alone. The arrival of Islamic Banking and Islamic Finance In accordance with the philosophy, culture and merit of Islam, the Islamic banking is describe as banking which is manage besides the conventional governance and risk management rules by the principle set down by Islamic Shariah. Interest free banking system is very fine perception that stands for with many banking instruments and operations, which keep away from interest. The ideology of the Islamic banking system is not only evading interest based transactions system which is proscribed in Islamic Shariah but also stay away from corrupt activities that contribute to accomplish the goals and objectives of an Islamic economy. First Islamic bank was established in 1963 in Egypt. The activities of this bank were interest free but it was secret project that made no references to Islam as the establishment in power at that time was aggressive to any form of Islamization. The real emerging started in 1970sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as result of oil industry boom in the Gulf States, which flashed the appearing of liquidity and the revival of religious wakefulness in the Muslim world. In 1975 Dubai Islamic Bank was established, was a private initiative and it was established by Arab businessman. In the beginning governments did not greet this effort because Islamic finance disagreed with their investments in World Bank to get higher interest rate. In 1980sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the first Islamic banks united to form the Islamic Development Bank seen as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“World bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the Muslim world, that covering 56 Muslim world and contributes contribute Muslim economic thought. But the 9/11 brought too mu ch changes on world economy which changed the views of Arabs which and the rich Arabs withdrawing their investment from US $ accounts to be scared of having their accounts become frozen. All these scenarios created a great need of substitute of investment either in Middle East or in Europe, at the same time system was carrying out in the Middle East and its development was enhanced in Europe to fulfil the requirements of Muslim investors. In 1977-78 Pakistan started Islamic banking and financial system. Pakistan was one of the major Countries among those countries in the world that had been trying to apply completely interest free banking system. In June 1980 the modification was implemented in the legal framework of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial and corporate system to authorize the issue of a new interest-free tools and modification were also created in the Banking Companies ordinance, 1962. The prohibition against usury (interest) was in the Quran take place on a number of times and pointed out interest and the proposal to ignore coddle in this action in Christianity and Judaism to involves its survival and the troubles that it carried for the society. The feudal lord who by virtue charging higher interest rate according to the historian and had power over those were anxious need to finance their survival. In the Old Testament (King James Version) Exodus, CHAPTER 22 M VERSES 25: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If you lend money to any of my people that is poor by theem thou shalt not be to him as anusure, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Lecitcus Chapter 25, verses 34-36: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“And if the brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay by thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea though he be a stranger, or a sojourner, that he may live with thee.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Take thou no usuryof him, or increase: but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? In spite of the counsel beside this apply against the system offered. The contemporary financial technique be taught a tutorial from this spiritually guidance and fully struggled to implement a structure that was inadequate the level of usurious abuse. To build the market of debt based upon competition which encourage unfair nature of usury which was supposed to be decided by the forces of market vie each other. If we bring light to current scenario of global arena, we can easily realize that it is a development of the ancient feudal system and different countries facing the same dilemma as individual did prior as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“conventional Jewish lending system of the shylocks to the Indian feudal systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Actually Debt to GDP ratio is the vigorous gauge for the countries who burden debt. Islamic financial and banking system depend on the Islamic economy system and the success ratio of this system could be determine in such a way that conventional banks start their Islamic windows not only in Muslims countries but also in the non-Muslim countries where Muslims are not dominated. Some famous Western banks have Islamic subsidiaries as, Citibank, American Express, HSBC, ABN Amro, Bank of America, Standard Chartered, Commerz bank, Barclays, Dutch Bank, ANZ Grindlays, Royal Bank of Canada and many others banks in the world and this list of bank is raising day by day. On the other hand some countries such as Pakistan, Sudan and Iran adopted 100% Islamic banking and they are successful in banking system. It is fairly true that Islamic banking system is depend upon risk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"sharing. The Islamic banks are involved in the practice of trading, leasing and various other modes of financing according to Sharià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ah compliant. If the Islamic banks are stable to get Halal income, depositors as well get stable and Halal income definitely. Interest (riba) is proscribed in Islam either getting or giving interest, despite of what reason the loans are composed and what the rates on which interest will be charged. This is the main opinion among Muslim scholars and all are agree on it that interest and riba is same thing. Amanah is placed to recognize the formation and deal out the financial services that are linked with the necessities of the Shariah (Islamic Law). Islamic banking has the same principle as conventional banking except that it operates in accordance with the Sharià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ah principles. The basic ideology of Islamic banking is the sharing of profit and loss and the proscription of Riba (Interest). Islamic banking has grown in the Muslim world and offer Islamic products and services to make sure that the procedure and practices of the bank abide by the sharpie principles. HSBC logged the Amana banking because to make it possible for the Muslims to bank in accordance to their values and beliefs and they do not want to lose their Muslim customers in Islamic countries as a result of the emergence of Islamic banking. Its headquarter is in the UAE and have regional representatives in the UK, US, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei have resources of HS BC group and HSBC Amanah distribute the financial resources that are according to the requirements of the Shariah (Islamic Law). The western media suggest that Islamic banking in its present form is a recent phenomenon; in fact the basic practices and principles date back to the early part of the seventh century. (Islamic finance A Euromoney publication 1997). According to Khalaf (2007) Due to the different believes in Muslims community Islamic banking facing deficient in affirmation of decisions. Shortage of scholars is a big and serious issue in Islamic banking system because managers are not qualified and trained to practices the Islamic finance (Iqbal, Ahmad and khan,1998). Islamic banking has not a big network in UK and Islamic bank of Britain has only eight branches in whole UK which is not enough to fulfil the requirement of Muslim customers. The opening of Islamic window in conventional bank is a big threat. Islamic banking needs to improve their services and keep priority of Islamic Sharia. Islamic banking has great opportunity to grow in UK. Because number of Muslims from different countries of world live in UK. Islamic banking is facing difficulties and challenges to growing in UK due to lack of understanding about Islamic banking in the customers and shortage of Islamic Scholars in UK. RESEARCH METHDOLOGY The Research Process Remenyi, Williams, Money and Swartz (2002:64-65), explains the research process as consisting of eight specific phases, namely: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reviewing the literature. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Formalising a research question. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Establishing the methodology. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Collecting evidence. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analysing the evidence. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing conclusions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Understanding the limitations of the research. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Producing management guidelines or recommendations According to Hussey, J Hussey, R (1997:15), there are six fundamental stages in the research process, namely: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The identification of the research topic. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Definition of the research problem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Determine how the research is going to be conducted. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Collection of the research data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analysis and interpretation of the research data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Writing up the dissertation or thesis. There will be two analysis methods that are used in this research. Factor analysis will be used reduce group and independent variables whereas logistic regression will be used to analyze the correlation between the categorical dependent variable with the independent variables found in the factor analysis. Primary data will be located for the purpose of analysis which will be further discussed in the collection of data section Analysis of Data The topic of my dissertation is The Growth of Islamic banking in UK as conventional finance, a look in to past, present and our hopes for the future. It is surprising to realize that how far and fast Islamic finance has come and how well it has managed to meet the challenges it faced in two decades. Islamic banking has worked reasonably well even in short history, but it always does face challenges. All of these challenges are technical in nature. The rapid growth of emerging market in developing countries is a very hopeful sign that with strong commitment in the next decade due to existing institutional and technical hindrances that may have hampered efficient operation of Islamic banking will be removed. The dissertation is based on the following research questions. What are the component of Islamic banking and how it works? Why all the arguments about the rate of interest in Islam? What make Islamic bank differ from a conventional bank? How much better working of Islamic finance in the views of customers in UK? Why the growing rate of Islamic finance is high as compare to other European countries? Customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s satisfaction regarding Islamic banking system in UK? How Islamic finance as a substitute to conventional banking system in UK? Different prospects and threaten for Islamic banking system in UK? Aims and Objectives: Key aims and objectives were established, for accomplishing the project. They are thoroughly explained down below. Aims of research project are: To understand the basic principle of Islamic banking system. To discuss the role of Shariah board and its importance in Islamic banking. To describe the different financial contracts, which Islamic banking offers Objectives of the project are: To compare the major differences between Islamic and conventional banking system. To explore the problems faces by Islamic banking. To find out why the growing rate of Islamic finance is high as compare to other European countries To give recommendations for the acceptance of credit card and some other problems. Actually this study in groping in nature, therefore a review of peoples and bank Managers and sub-managers was appropriate method for data collections. The data collected by this method from UK and from individuals would mean that the data bring together is given that only estimation of entire population. A questionnaire was designed for the population to analyze the perceptions towards Islamic banking. Moreover the implication of this kind of exclusive study on this topic, there were numerous constraint. Primary Data From the informal interviews and from the Questionnaire survey together the primary data from the few important people from the banking industry are gathered. For this purpose information collected from senior management from HSBC and Islamic bank of Britain through emails telephonic and face to face interview. Questionnaire survey has been arranged amongst Muslims and non-Muslims population of UK. Secondary Data The information gathered for this dissertation has been mainly obtained from the secondary data, which includes books, journals, research material and websites. Limitations This result may not be indicative for the target respondents due to small sample size and limited time period. Due to limited knowledge of respondent or unawareness about Islamic banking, their replies shown their own imagination or thoughts. The data gathered from the respondents and from the country like United Kingdom where people have a limited knowledge of Islamic banking as against to the conventional banking even the Muslim of the country have an inadequate knowledge of the Islamic banking. Therefore the result about the Islamic banking should be taken only as analytical and perspective rather than decisive. The research will familiarize the readers with the principle of Islamic Sharia and provide an insight into the rules and principles of Islamic banking as well. In spite of the fact that Islamic banks are operating successfully along with the conventional banks and playing a significant role in the economy of the United Kingdom. Delimitations: This study is limited to the findings and evidences based on my research mainly to the responses of the organisation involved in the project. I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I will focus.   Additionally,  I will not use structured interviews in order to minimise my obtrusiveness. Ethical considerations: I shall immediately report to my supervisor or my college if any difficulties encounters in complying with the ethical standards. In the final research report i shall describe how i complied with the ethical standards in carrying out the Project. The identity of individuals from whom information is obtained in the course of the Project shall be kept strictly confidential. At the conclusion of the Project, any information that reveals the identity of individuals who were subjects of research shall be destroyed unless the individual concerned has consented in writing to its inclusion beforehand. Plagiarism According to the definition given in the 1997 New Websters Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language, plagiarism is the unauthorized use of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as ones own (508). Pyper (2000) defines plagiarism as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“.. simply theft. It is taking the words, ideas and labour of other people and giving the impression that they are your own..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? To avoid plagiarism I will document the sources properly using Footnotes, Endnotes, or Parenthetical References, and i will write a Bibliography, References, or Works Cited page and place it at the end of the research paper to list the sources used. I will credit another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s idea, opinion or theory I will credit any facts, graphs, drawings, any pieces of information that are not common knowledge. I will credit whenever i use quotations of another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actual spoken or written words or paraphrase of another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s spoken or written words. I will try to use my own words. I am not expecting to write as professionally as the authors of the books and journals which i am going to read so i will be confident enough to write my own ideas in my own words. I will Plan my assignments in good time, so i am not tempted to make shortcuts. Timetable: Task No. Task Date Task 1 Prepare proposal Feb 2011 Task 2 Complete literature review Feb 2011 Task 3 Complete research March 2011 Task 4 Complete collecting evidence March 2011 Task 5 Complete analysis April 2011 Task 6 Complete final report April 2011

A Brief Note On Solving The Foreclosure Crisis - 2229 Words

How to Solve the Foreclosure Crisis Since 2008 the United States has witnessed the dramatic collapse of the housing market. The housing bubble spurred by the loans that the banks gave to people, who could not afford those loans, and the interest rates on the loans, was changing each payment without reason. People started taking more loans, paying high interest, stopped saving. That affected the value of the homes. The rapid increase in the value of homes across the country for the previous decade, had been a falsity, in which billions of dollars funded by investments and home purchases were lost within a few months (Wikipedia.org: United States housing bubble). Millions of home owners were found to be unable to pay their mortgages,†¦show more content†¦To solve the current foreclosure crisis and to prevent another crisis arising in the future, there must be a campaign to re-clarify the â€Å"American Dream†, an efficient regulation of the lending and banking industries and the creation of viable nationa l health care system. What is the â€Å"American Dream?† Is it not the ideal held by billions across the globe that in the United States, the land of opportunity, one can find a well paid job, be able to raise a family and create a better life for both themselves and their kids compared to their living situation beforehand? Or is it the ideal, since the United States is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, anyone no matter what their situation, through hard work can take their share of that profound wealth? Ever since the late 1800s, when the United States emerged as one of the world’s leading industrial powers, millions of immigrants have came to this country to make a better life for themselves. They held on to the idea that in America, they would be able to afford such amenities such as a television, a car and maybe even a home. What many did not realize was that it was only through hard strenuous work would they even be able to survive in America, let alone afford the luxuries of life. Often many of these

Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 768 Words

Brandon Lim CU English 9/29/17 P:2 Using a variety of rhetorical devices, Martin Luther King Jr’s purpose of his â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† takes a huge step for black americans by voicing the opinions of the people in a civil, non violent manner. He’s a role model for future activists to present the point clearly without hostility or anger, but with a firm tone and many of rhetorical devices. Dr. King gives the speech to help his cause of nonviolent activism against segregation and in favor of civil rights. Martin Luther finds many ways to allude to the past, such as referencing Abraham Lincoln, and the words that the country was structured on in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution. He begins by using similar wording†¦show more content†¦He makes the firm statement that they cannot back down from the fight for a consolation prize they must get what they deserve and that is total un-segregated equality. He then starts to use the phrase â€Å"one hundred years laterà ¢â‚¬  to show how little progress they have made since then. The use of the phrase makes the audience feel as if the country is making little to no progress on the racial division issue. It clarifies that it takes over one hundred years to reach full equality in society which does not make the white leaders look productive at all. The use of this rhetorical device suggests the need for change to start happening as fast as possible and helps the speaker get full attention and participation from the audience. Yet another rhetorical device Dr. King briefly uses is apostrophe to make a clear, powerful statement counter arguing a frequent opposing comment. He switches perspective and asks the audience a question as a white person who is fed up with them fighting for equality,†There are those asking the devotees of civil rights, â€Å"When will you be satisfied?!†Ã¢â‚¬ (King, Pg 3). He presents this as a common argument and uses a counter argument to dismiss this question b y saying,†We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is a victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality†(King, Pg 3). The way he predicted what they would say and had an immediate response helps give his speech some ground to stand on and makes his argument look even stronger forShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three rhetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experiencing segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountai ns, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to support his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of America’s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authorityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1061 Words   |  5 Pagesleader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is widely known for his speech that took place on 28 August 1963, â€Å"I Have a Dream.† This speech aimed toward the entire nation. King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice and for them all to stand up together for their rights. In this speech, King uses emotional and logical appeal to gain the audiences support. He applied many rhetorical devices to his speech to connect with the audience’s emotions, and to logicallyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech900 Words   |  4 PagesThe speaker of this essay that I will be writing about is Martin Luther King Jr. He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia at his family house. He was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Ri ghts Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great American, worked for civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. He became so popular and well liked that he was hated just as intensely by those who disagreed with theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership throughout the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United State s, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and orally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech768 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech Martin Luther King Jr. presented his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963. His main purpose of the speech was to drive the idea that everyone deserves and should have freedom and equality. As a civil rights activist, King presented his speech at a protest as he puts across this message. His audience is the country, but specifically those who are against equality for all people. He tried to convince and explain why all people deserve to be equal and have rights that all whiteRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1181 Words   |  5 Pagesrights activist shortly after attaining his doctorate in theology from Boston University. He later went on to deliver one of the finest speeches in United States history on August 28, 1963 entitled â€Å"I Have a Dream.† Over 200,000 people arrived to hear King deliver this speech. King uses a number of rhetorical devices to accentuate his point such as metaphors, antitheses, as well as anaphora’s. In addressing the nation Dr. Martin Luther King Jr effectively uses the appeals of Ethos, Pathos and Logos to Rhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech - 768 Words â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech Martin Luther King Jr. presented his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech in 1963. His main purpose of the speech was to drive the idea that everyone deserves and should have freedom and equality. As a civil rights activist, King presented his speech at a protest as he puts across this message. His audience is the country, but specifically those who are against equality for all people. He tried to convince and explain why all people deserve to be equal and have rights that all white men have. It is also directed towards the government because he wants them to pass rights to give black men the rights that white men have. He catches the audience’s attention and explains the importance of equality by using the appeals of emotion,†¦show more content†¦Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.† King tried to motivate and give hope to those who do not have equality. He also uses logical and reasoning to appeal to his audience. Using a logical approach, he states â€Å"When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was the promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† The quote shows logic and reasoning by reiterating that the government already promised freedom and equality. This makes people realize that they legally gave everyone equality, so they should be following the laws by actually giving and treating blacks equally. Finally, Martin Luther King Junior shows his credibility by explaining that he is black and would know more about the treatment and feelings that blacks get, rather than a white person. By including himself in the nation of blacks he said â€Å"We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.† By using â€Å"we† he shows that he understands, and agrees with what most other blacks are feeling. He states that as a whole they have hope for the future and have faith that the countr y willShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech924 Words   |  4 Pagesis his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. The reason â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech made massive impacts, is due to It struck directly into the hearts of Americans both black and white making America realize just what is really going on in this world. King informed people about racial equality and fairness. This speech hit home so well just by the way he structured his speech. You can notice that MLK structures his speech to appeal to the different types of audience, supporting it with the three rhetorical modes;Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech752 Words   |  4 Pages28, 1963 At the Lincoln Commemoration 200,000 individuals accumulated after the Walk on Washington. This is the place Dr. Martin Luther conveyed his discourse I Have a Dream to America. He talked about the treacheries of isolation and separation of African Americans that was occurring in our country. In his first explanation he stated, I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. In this announcement heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is arguably the most emotionally moving and persuasive speech of all time. But, to understand the speech one must first understand the context. At this time, the slave era was far gone but, not forgotten. Negro men and women were still experiencing segregation in the 1960’s. There was negro bathrooms, negro schools, negro water fountains, and even negro restaurants. Martin Luther King Jr. was an influential black man who took on theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1058 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I have a Dream† demonstrates the combination of the rhetorical appeals to s upport his argument for equality and social justice because he draws attention to the past history of America’s Injustice and oppression towards black Americans. One of the explanations that the I Have a Dream address by Martin Luther King Jr. is memorable is that it contains a superb balance of Aristotles 3 rhetorical appeals: attribute, pathos, and logos. Ethos is associate charm to authorityRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1061 Words   |  5 Pagesleader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is widely known for his speech that took place on 28 August 1963, â€Å"I Have a Dream.† This speech aimed toward the entire nation. King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice and for them all to stand up together for their rights. In this speech, King uses emotional and logical appeal to gain the audiences support. He applied many rhetorical devices to his speech to connect with the audience’s emotions, and to logicallyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech900 Words   |  4 PagesThe speaker of this essay that I will be writing about is Martin Luther King Jr. He was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia at his family house. He was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Ri ghts Movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a great American, worked for civil rights in the United States in the 1950s and 60s. He became so popular and well liked that he was hated just as intensely by those who disagreed with theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech865 Words   |  4 Pagesin history. Throughout his speech, King employs many rhetorical devices that further his appeal for civil rights. King establishes his credibility as soon as he steps to the podium. King, an American civil rights activist and leader, was already known by the American people for his leadership throughout the civil rights movement. His leadership role as a civil rights activist asserts his message as credible and true to the American people. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech addresses the grueling topicRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech768 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon Lim CU English 9/29/17 P:2 Using a variety of rhetorical devices, Martin Luther King Jr’s purpose of his â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech† takes a huge step for black americans by voicing the opinions of the people in a civil, non violent manner. He’s a role model for future activists to present the point clearly without hostility or anger, but with a firm tone and many of rhetorical devices. Dr. King gives the speech to help his cause of nonviolent activism against segregation and in favor of civilRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech901 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most acknowledged Civil Rights activists in this history of the United States, Martin Luther King, in his empowering speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream,† proposed his desire for racial equality across the globe in a strong-minded manner. King’s purpose for both writing and orally publishing this speech at the March on Washington affair was to motivate his audience into demanding racial justice and an amalgamated society for all people. He acquired a shameful but dedicated tone as he described theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1018 Words   |  5 PagesI Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Cruelty, inequality, death, sorrow, misery. All words to be associated with the hardships Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. passionately describes in his I Have A Dream speech. King, an activist and civil rights leader gave an empowering speech on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Millions of hearts were touched and inspired to fight for their rights(â€Å"American Rhetoric: Martin Luther King Jr.†). This speech is aimed towards every race in a different specific

Corporate Governance in the UK

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Corporate Governance in the UK? Answer: Introduction Corporate Governance is defined as a close relationship among the entities involved in the governance process. This relationship eventually leads to determine the direction, performance and potentialities of the corporations. Expanding this definition only, this term could be explained in simpler words as a system that combines all the prevailing laws and procedures to work with an ultimate aim to regulate the interactions between the providers of capitals and the ones involved in the decision making process of the company and simultaneously has an effect of the companys activities and disposition over them (Mendez, 2003). The elements of Corporate Governance play a pivotal role in allocating the defined roles and responsibilities to these participants and also define their influence on the organizations routine work and the quality of work they deliver. After a detailed discussion and an intensive research on this topic, the researchers suggested that corporate governance can never occur in a vacuum and it reflects the economic, historical, legal and cultural characteristics of a company during its operation. It is also shaped and reshaped majorly by the ownership structures and economic patterns and in a minor manner by the financing options available to the business(Yulei Hu, 2008). The global economic leaders have some notable differences in their models of corporate governance and these differences have evolved due to the variations in the available financial options. A deep comparison has been made between the responses of the UK and US over the various corporate scandals (Aguilera Jackson, 2003). The US had a great revolution from flexible form of corporate governance system to more complicated and more legally-bound form. On the other hand, the UK, as a part of its response, conducted a way of evolving with steady steps which included the introduction of a wide range of influence groups. In response to the scandals, the US adopted the stringent Sarban es-Oxley Act. (Polk Wardwell, 2011). The UK, on the other hand, followed a more enhanced and innovative way of introducing a voluntary code of corporate governance which was far better from the statutory code prevailing in the US and hence succeeded in establishing the best practices in the country (Monks, 2011). The UK government, instead of passing any ineffective laws, uses a comply or explain approach to combat the prevailing issues. This approach was introduced for the first time in 1992 by the Cadbury Report. The newly introduced and the existing conventions and rules entirely followed the approach of self regulation but simultaneously had a substantial support from the prevailing legislative forces. The Comply or explain approach overpowered the one-size-fit-all approach because the former approach gave the flexibility of incorporating innovations in the companies (Faure-Grimaud, et al., 2005). As mentioned that, in 1992, UK introduced its first code which had the potential to set out the best practice in corporate governance and was aliased as the Cadbury code. This introduction involved a new concept of comply or explain approach, under which the companies had an option either to adopt and follow the best possible practices that are available at that time or to explain their respective shareholders that why their services are not needed by the company at the present situation. Sir Christopher Hogg (Former Chairman of the Financial reporting council, London, UK), in his article The Comply or Explain Approach to improving Standards of Corporate Governance, has clearly stated that when market conditions are favorable, such as that of United Kingdom, the comply or explain approach has been constantly working in reforming the current landscape of corporate governance in the UK(Zattoni Cuomo, 2008). He also revealed a statistic that showed that the current practices of this ap proach has been adopted and implemented so well that the compliance rate of these practices has increased to more than 90%. While keeping in mind the current progress of Corporate sector in the UK , he stated that the With the introduction of this soft law approach, the marketers have felt a secured sense of participation in various marketing activities and hence wants this approach to flourish for a long-term (Davis, 2001). Also, when compared to the earlier times, the present corporate governance practices have the abilities to respond in a better manner to the prevailing developments in the best practices (ICAEW Team, 2016). This is possible because these practices have got myriads of elements that are specially tailored to fit according to changing circumstances of the company and hence eventually sets higher standards of competition for all the other existing companies of the same breed. Antoinette Bozac, in another article, stated that the current corporate governance model be ing followed in the UK is the preferred action for evolution towards better gender representation. It is because, this model allows organizations to strategically and meaningfully develop their policies and targets towards broader diversity overall (Solomon, 2013). According to the author, this kind of approach has a tendency to develop more champions to influence change, foster transparency and promote inclusiveness. Antoine Faure-Grimaud, Sridhar Arcot and Valentina Bruno, in their published journal titled Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply or Explain Approach working?Has clearly mentioned in their paper that the market along with all its marketers have readily adopted the compliance as its strategic approach to combat various evolving issues. The Combined Code in the UK, under this approach, simply asks the companies to follow what it provides or to explain why they do not desire such provisions (The Financial Reporting Council Limited, 2010). When the present situatio ns in the UK are compared to the statutory system, as prevails in the US, the flexible system of the UK, when combined with the current corporate governance code of the country, paves an easy way for those companies which do not have a reason for accepting the provisions of the Combined Code. Authors like Thomas Clarke and Bob Tricker believes that the main motive of all the Corporate Governance Code is to evolve and promote good governance and propose such rules that are acceptable by all (Financial Times, 2015). But while talking specifically about this system, they said that comply or explain provision promotes innovations in all its forms and this is entirely due to a fact that this code can accommodate a number of new ideas (Tricker, 2015). This system also allows companies to have an ample of time dedicated to introduction of innovations that would foster the process of success attained and would lately set up an example for all the other competitors. In addition to this, fro m the time the UK has adopted this approach in their corporate governance system, theres an establishment of a process that includes learning that lasts for a long-term (Aras D Crowther, 2008). There are a number of companies that have followed the recommendations of the governance code to create a sound-base for the governance. There is a belief that only the public or the large and established companies with myriads of shareholders need to incorporate Corporate Governance practices in their working strategies. The right-sized governance practices definitely forms a sound base for the enhancement in the performance and long-term viability of the firm. The best Corporate Governance practices are followed by Microsoft, which is a leading USA, based company. The company, to effectively include the practices of Corporate Governance, has involved effective conversations with the shareholders. A precise corporate governance cycle is created with different activities in different season. The annual governance cycle begins in the Spring Season by evaluating the best practices of the governance with regulatory developments and companys own policies and practices. This helps the firm to evaluate the annual update of the governance framework. In the summer season, the company communicates the updates and reformations to the significant shareholders. In the autumn season, the company publishes its annual communications to the shareholders and the stakeholders. During this season, the company communicates crucial information to the major investors and gathers their feedbacks on the important topics that are to be addressed in the next season. In the winter season, the Corporate Governance Cycle concluded with the self assessment session in which the setbacks and the major wins are critically analyzed. In this season, the panel considers all sorts of feedbacks received from the shareholders in the preceding year and work accordingly to rectify the errors. The elements of the Corporate Governance practices are specifically designed keeping in mind the long term interests of the shareholders. The practices focus on the maintenance of the internal checks and balances and foster an ambience of responsible decision making within the firm. The inclusion of such practices strengthens to company to take wise and profitable decisions for its firm in times of financial crisis or when the accountability of the companys decisions and strategies are questioned. For the same reasons, the corporate governance practices are adopted in companies in the UK too. In this country the companies amalgamate this element with the other general business practices to ensure that the Board members of the firm have a right to review and evaluate all possible business operations independent of the management body. For an example, HSBC, the worlds largest banking and financial services organization, is highly committed to the specific principles of Corporate Governance. For implementing this concept in all the spheres of the bank, the company has created a comprehensive range of systems and policies that are communicated well to all the working members of the firm. According to the companys executives, a bank could be well managed only when the governance policies provide a greater oversight to the future strategies as well as the tools to exert a proper control over the working strategies of the firm. The companys code is created to be in compliance with th e applicable code provisions of the UK Financial Reporting Council and even with the Stock exchange of the Hong Kong. This is basically done to avoid any kind of potential issues related to governance. Rolls Royce, another leading firm providing the highly integrated power and propulsion solutions is also a great example of the UK based company whos Board attaches a highest priority to the corporate governance practices. The companys executives think that the concept of Corporate governance has effectively helped the firm to enhance its corporate values, to create and retain a good reputation for the firm in the local and global markets and even provide the firm with a number of innovative measures to attain its pre-decided goals and objectives on time and in a proposed budget. When a company decides to adopt the practices of corporate governance, it eventually sets out various standards for its internal workings and then proceeds to work out in that direction and this process becomes more effective when they are allowed to set their standards, rules and procedures on their own instead of working as a mere puppet in the hands of the other leading powers (Davis, et al., 1997). Van de Berghe, in the journal titled Beyond Corporate Governance, has stated that the prevailing corporate governance practices in the UK are undoubtedly the best ones and there are chances of a company to retain their effectiveness and accountability to the same level, only if it applies these practices in a right manner(EY, 2012). Although under this approach, no one can legally bind any company to follow their provisions, but yes, they have an ultimate right to evaluate their provisions on the basis of the explanations provided by the company for not accepting their provisions. The UK Corporate Governance code is effectively used in all the companies, but there are a number of companies in which this concept is not applied. These companies include the ones which shares are traded on AIM and the markets which are not covered by the listing rules. This concept is also not applied in a listed company with a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange. But it is the choice of these companies to comply with the codes if they wish so. Sometimes the pressure exerted by the major shareholders and the wish of the company to adopt the best conduction practices may also exempt the companies to follow the Corporate Governance Code. The US corporate governance has recently been heavily criticized due to failure of a number of renowned companies like Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, etc. These failures subsequently led to the introduction of a strict legal change in the form of a Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and accompanying this was a regulatory change which took the form of introduction of new governance guidelines. In the US, the shareholders hold the ultimate powers and the principles of the corporate governance of the country are designed to fit to the requirements of these people. Hence, the countrymen have developed reluctance towards the adoption of such system (Jensen Murphy, 1989). According to people, the US society works to gain attention of the capitalist and the medium and low-level creditors and stakeholders eventually have not much say in the corporate workings of the companies and leading organizations(Jackson, 2010). This is entirely due to a fact that in the US, unlike the UK, there is no independent sys tem of working and one has to work under the influential powers of others. And as expected, the shareholders suitably take care of their own interests only overlooking the prime benefits of the organization and of the people associated with it. When people look towards the corporate governance model of the US in comparison to that of the UK, it is clearly visible that in the US model there is no separation of ownership and management. There is no one above the level of the mangers and these managers work according to their will to take any sort of decisions for the organization. In this model, theres no involvement of any non-executive director, who can keep an eye over the works of the managers(WLG, 2010). For example, the US based Ford Motor Company it is the Board of Directors that have adopted a precise framework for the Corporate Governance practices to promote the effective functioning of the board. The board is comprised of the highly skilled managers, elected by a specific a nd complex process, are only responsible to take decisions for the firm and no panel is considered above it. This model is highly discarded and regarded as the failure of the leading companies because there is not a definite ownership pattern for an organization and the extra capital required by the organizations are taken from the people who are not even indirectly involved in the various processes and losses of the company. Instead, the large institutional investors have the maximum stake in these organizations and hence have a chance to say and operate the working of these companies (Tafara, 2007). When observed closely, it was observed that the corporate governance in the US has traditionally been designed to focus on the crucial people of an organization who are directly involved in the profits and losses of the company. These important people generally include the shareholders and the Board of Directors. The practices have never focused on the needs of the other participants o f the organization and hence have always failed to evaluate the actual critical situations the companies have been facing (Essen J Otten, 2015). Davis Polk and Wardwell in their journal titled, The corporate governance landscape in the United states has clearly mentioned that Although, due to occurrence of a number of corporate scandals led the government to introduce the strict Sarbanes-Oxley Act, but this never changed the basic structure of the corporate governance practices in the US (Chen Roberts, 2010). According to this article, although the managers are appointed to look over the activities of the organization and take decisions, but still they are headed by the Board of Directors which are independently elected by the concerned Shareholders of the Company. In an article titled, Failure of Corporate Governance by James Kwak, it has been correctly written by the author that, From the past twenty years, there has not been a demonstration of a beneficial governance as the reg ulatory activities imposed by the government restricted the thinking of the companies and they have lag behind in terms of innovations and thing-big ideas (Gray Manson, 2011). At the same viewpoint, John Gillespie and David Zweig, in their book, Money for Nothing: How the failure of Corporate boards is ruining American Business and costing us Trillions, have written that, The Companies have eventually become more like a private club, as there is no regulatory authority over the CEOs to whom they can report there issues and seek solutions to the emerging problems. Although the corporate governance framework of the US has been criticized by most of the Authors and has been considered as a basic reason for failure of many leading companies, yet, the part of the corporate governance system which was indirectly under the control of the public and had some governmental influence, has reacted and still has the potential to react to the quickly to address the emerging problems (Bhattachary a Sen, 2004). The evidence to this fact is that, there has been a dramatic increase in the equity-based pay and the institutionalization of the US shareholders. This expansion has appeared to have an overall positive impact on the corporate sector of US as well as on its declining economy (Yekini K Jallow, 2012). Although the weal corporate governance structure had a bad influence on the working structures of organizations, but if the overregulation element of this model is minimized then there are chances of the US system to become a better one (Waddock Stuart, 2003). Now, having a look over the arguments and opinions of the authors on the corporate governance systems of both the UK and the US, it is crucial to draw the conclusion over the thinking and viewpoints of the employees or directors of the organization to which this framework is being applied. Many UK-based companies think that Comply-or-Explain Approach is quite better than the One-Size-Fits-All Approach. In other simpler words, the corporate governance code being precisely followed in the UK is far better than all the other countries (especially US). According to the directors and the employees of all the leading organizations in the UK, the current corporate governance practices have succeeded so far, only because of the Flexibility element; it possesses which allows the companies to reform the practices according to their requirements (Aguilera Cuervo-Cazurra, 2004). According to European Commission 2013, A Comply-or-Explain Approach allows an organization to tailor the corporate g overnance practices in compliance with their size, ownership structure and sectorial specificities. While using this approach, a company can have broad tools for investor attracting as well as for ownership protection. The next advantage that the companies are enjoying over the other global competitors is attaining the highest level of Market Sensibility (Holmstrom Kaplan, 2003). According to Gibson and Smith, companies that belongs to a country that effectively follows this approach under its general corporate governance system, tends to attract more investors due to adoption of new innovative ideas. This lowers the burden of capital on the people who are not even involved in the processes of the company. The self regulation principle of the approach, allows the directors to satisfy both the shareholders and the public at the same time by quickly attending to their needs. When these companies are compared to the others of the same breed, then they have the potential to bear the ec onomic crisis in a more mature manner and combat them with their innovative ideas. According to European Commission 2006, the Comply or explain approach is beneficial for both the companies and its regulatory authorities. It gives an ample of opportunities to both of them to perform in an efficient manner (Bebchuk Fried, 2003). The approach has set an efficient trend of adoption of the bottom-up policy that forces the regulators to carry out reformations in their structures and divide the responsibilities among the different levels of regulatory authorities(Cohan, 2009). This policy acts like a mirror to the market and hence justifies the transparent nature of this approach that minimizes the occurrence of any faults within the working structures of organizations. The corporate governance approach being followed in the UK-based companies is far greater than the corporate governance approach of the US-based companies because while following the One-Size-Fits-All Approach, a proporti onal policy is applied over the companies. The restructuring of the companies is wholly solely done by the regulatory authorities who do not take into account that who owns what and hence eventually discourage the investors(Sternberg, 1997). Hence, as the companies in the UK were being encouraged to adopt a number of innovations under the comply or explain approach, here these companies are demotivated for innovations and lag behind the global leaders in the generation and implementation of innovative ideas. The leading banks viz. HSBC, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley, all favors the Comply or explain approach. The FRC claims that the corporate governance code in the UK has a proven track record in changing behavior. Once the codes with the underlying approach are readily accepted and implemented, changes can be made relatively quickly. For an example, when the code was launched in 1992, there was a recommendation of separation of the chairman and chief executive functions(Arcot, et al., 2005). By the year 1995, only 47.4% of the companies followed this, but now, at present, this percent has risen to a numerical value of 95%. In the UK, as the financial markets are in a dynamic state, the codes, if adopted precisely and effectively, are easier and quicker to change when compared to the laws. These codes are designed in such a way that they respond effectively to the market developments with many innovative ideas and suggestions. As they are tailor-made, hence can be re-drafted and implemented without necessitating legislative change. Hence, the corporate governance code of the UK is said to be in a constant state of evolution (Iwasaki, 2014). The strict-rule based regulatory environment, prevailing in the US, is often perceived to promote practices that never allow the companies to think beyond their imagination powers. The versatile code, on the other hand, adopted in the UK, allows the companies to suggest and work over the good governance practices. This eventually encourages the companies to pay more heed towards the prevailing governance issues within and outside the company. Under the working of the corporate governance approach prevailing in the UK, the companies ultimately have the freedom to think beyond their imagination and adapt those practices which would definitely have a potential to yield lucrative results for a long-term (Leon, 2001). Conclusion Having all the discussions based on the contrast to the UK and the US corporate governance structure, it has been made clear that in order to have a strong and productive capital markets, a country should have a sound and flexible corporate governance system. The European Commission, being of the same mind, in a launched consultation discussed its views on improving the corporate governance within European companies. The Comply or explain approach being followed under the corporate governance practices of the UK is considered, and also has been proven here, as the best among all the other approaches available (Doh, et al., 2003). This is entirely due to the competitive advantages, it renders to its followers, over the other global competitors. The UK Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has said that the corporate governance approach, being followed in the UK, has been a trademark of corporate governance in the UK. This approach, being one of the backbones of the corporate governance co de, when used effectively, provides effective market-based solutions. These solutions are merely a result of a direct communication between the company and its shareholders and there is not any sort of interventions from regulatory authorities. This approach, though easy in implementation and yields a number of effective outcomes, is not simply all about not having any requirements. Instead, the researchers have defined this approach if the governance practices are good, then the companies could readily respond even to the alternatives of the provision. The comply or explain approach has been sustained so far in the UK because the people have developed a trust within the workings of the companies and in demonstration of genuine commitment of the company towards good governance. In return, the companies have to trust the people that there given explanation will be given a proper consideration. The UK-based companies have considered this corporate governance system to be the best one because it has given them a number of chances to innovate their thinking and various company-related procedures. As mentioned above, the code being followed in the UK is quite flexible and hence, the companies can make myriads of changes in accord to make it fit into their current working strategies. Although, this approach is being widely accepted in a number of countries, still it has numerous drawbacks which are needed to be rectified prior to the adoption of the approach(GRAY, 1988). Doubts about Comply or explain approach mainly arises when it fails in delivering its associated advantages to the companies. In order to have a wider application of this concept, the companies need to address or understand these concerns as soon as possible. Although this approach can work independently, but when this approach co-exists with basic code principles of a country, then it can be applied to a number of circumstances with few reformations in each case. The overall discussion drives to a conclusion that the comply or explain approach has three prime reasons to be the best among all the other available approaches. Firstly, this approach considers the benefit of both the shareholders and of the public at the same time. Secondly, this approach encourages the companies to follow best practices which have the capability to yield lucrative outcomes and keep a pace with the ever-changing corporate culture. Lastly, this approach minimizes the intervention of unnecessary regulatory authorities and also minimizes their participation in the imposition of minimum standards. Hence, when compared on various contrasting scales, the corporate governance practices of the UK, which has an underlying approach of the comply or explain, is considered as the best one and should be frequently adopted by the remaining UK-based companies and all the other global leaders. Bibliography Aguilera, R. Cuervo-Cazurra, A., 2004. Codes of Good Governance Worldwide: What is the Trigger? Available at: https://business.illinois.edu/aguilera/pdf/Aguilera_Cuervo-Cazurra_OS_2003.pdf Aguilera, R. Jackson, G., 2003. The Cross-National Diversity of Corporate Governance. Dimensions and Determinants, 28(03), p. 44765. Available at: https://amr.aom.org/content/28/3/447.abstract Aras, G. D Crowther, 2008. The social obligation of corporations. Journal of Knowledge Globalisation, 1(1), pp. 43-59.Available at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/2086/2050 Arcot, S., Bruno, V. Grimaud, A. F., 2005. Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply-or-Explain Approach Working? Available at: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/24673/1/dp581_Corporate_Governance_at_LSE_001.pdf Bebchuk, L. Fried, J. M., 2003. Executive Compensation as an Agency Problem. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(03), pp. 71-92. Available at: https://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/bebchuk/pdfs/2003.Bebchuk-Fried.Executive.Compensation.pdf Bhattacharya, C. Sen, S., 2004. Doing Better at Doing Good: when, why and how consumers respond to corporate social initiatives, Available at: https://www.davideacrowther.com/csrmodule/csrreading4b.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=4ZZwS8E/zLZLbrBUoem4nGwRqUoXAAAAU13BsA==bcsi_scan_filename=csrreading4b.pdf Chen, J. Roberts, R. W., 2010. Toward a More Coherent Understanding of the OrganizationSociety Relationship: A Theoretical Consideration for Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Journal of Business Ethics, December, 97(04), pp. 651-665. Cohan, P., 2009. Why American Corporate Governance Is a Bust. Why American Corporate Governance Is a Bust, 28 December. Available at: https://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/12/28/why-american-corporate-governance-is-a-bust/ Davis, J., FD Schoorman L Donaldson, 1997. Toward stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(01), pp. 20-47. Davis, P., 2001. The Governance of Co-operatives Under Competitive Conditions: Issues, Processes and Culture; Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance, 01(04), p. 2839. Doh, J., Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K. Collins, J., 2003. Coping with corruption in foreign markets, EY, 2012. Enlightened co-operative governance. Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Enlightened_co-operative_governance/$FILE/Enlightened%20co-operative%20governance_EN.pdf?bcsi_scan_f5761508bdf24bd5=0bcsi_scan_filename=Enlightened%20co-operative%20governance_EN.pdf Essen, M. v. J Otten, 2015. Assessing Managerial Power Theory. Journal of Management, Janaury, 41(1), pp. 164-202 . Faure-Grimaud, A., Arcot, S. Bruno, V., 2005. Corporate Governance in the UK: is the Comply-or-Explain Approach Working?: LSE. Financial Times, 2015. Define of cpmply or explain. [Online] Available at: https://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=comply-or-explain Gray, I. Manson, S., 2011. The Audit Process, China: RR Donnelley. GRAY, S. J., 1988. Towards a Theory of Cultural Influence on the Development of Accounting Systems Internationally, Scotland Holmstrom, B. Kaplan, S., 2003. The state of U.S.corporate Governance: What's right and what's wrong?, Cambridge: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH. ICAEW Team, 2016. When is comply or explain the right approach?. [Online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/en/technical/corporate-governance/dialogue-in-corporate-governance/when-is-comply-or-explain-the-right-approach Iwasaki, J., 2014. Comply or Explain - is it sustainable?. Comply or Explain, 06 January. Jackson, G., 2010. Understanding Corporate Governance in the United States. Available at: https://www.boeckler.de/pdf/p_arbp_223.pdf Jensen, M. Murphy, K. J., 1989. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives*, Leon, P., 2001. Four pillars of Financial Sustainability, Arlington, Virginia: The Nature Conservancy. Mendez, M. A., 2003. Corporate Governance. Available at: https://www.forumpartnerships.zsi.at/attach/MiguelMendezFinal.pdf Monks, R., 2011. Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance, July.Available at: https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470972599.html Polk, D. Wardwell, 2011. The corporate governance landscape in the United States. Update on developments in corporate governance. Solomon, J., 2013. Corporate Governance and Accountability. Corporate Governance and Accountability, November.Available at: https://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-EHEP003186.html Sternberg, E., 1997. The Defects of Stakeholder Theory. Corporate Governance: An International Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.3-10 Tafara, E., 2007. Speech by SEC Staff: Remarks on UK and US Approaches to Corporate Governance and on the Market for Corporate Control. Speech by SEC Staff, 8-9 February. The Financial Reporting Council Limited, 2010. The UK Approach to Corporate Governance. Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/Corporate-Governance/The-UK-Approach-to-Corporate-Governance.pdf Tricker, B., 2015. Corporate Governance: Principles, Policies and Practices. Corporate Governance, February, Issue 2nd Edition, p. 544. Waddock, S. Stuart, J., 2003. the journal of Corporate Citizenship. Available at: https://www.greenleaf-publishing.com/content/jccsampl.pdf WLG, G., 2010. Corporate governance in the UK and US. Corporate governance, 26 July. Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e47e3794-47ca-45b2-ad32-e147ca915380 Yekini, K. K Jallow, 2012. Corporate Community Involvement Disclosures in Annual Report: A Measure of Corporate Community Development or a Signal of CSR Observance?. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 03(1), p. 732. Yulei, R. Hu, S., 2008. China, A Comparative Survey of Corporate Governance Between the UK the US: What Lessons Should China Learn? p. 1-7 Zattoni, A. Cuomo, F., 2008. Why Adopt Codes of Good Governance? A Comparison of Institutional and Efficiency Perspectives. Journal compilation, January.16(01).