Which are the significant changes we can observe archaeologically Essay

Which are the significant changes we can observe archaeologically between the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age and when would you place them in absolute chronological terms - Essay Example rich Schliemann excavated Mycenae, with Homer as his guide, uncovering traces of a powerful warrior society—with sites like Tiryns, Gla, and Orchomenos, surrounded by massive walls. Connecting these two civilizations was a series of tablets, written in so-called Linear B, which was translated by Michael Ventris in 1954. It is now clear that mainland Greeks occupied Cnossos, rebuilding it and residing there long enough to recreate the great palatial society. However, after the collapse of Minoa, Mycenaean power declined rapidly; a short time after 1,200 b.c., a series of events occurred which have been hotly contested in Ancient Greek archaeology. What caused the collapse of this great Bronze Age civilization? Some have suggested that it was a natural disaster, such as a volcanic eruption, or even a tidal wave. Others have suggested that invasions and military conquests brought an end to Mycenae. And yet another proposal is that internal revolts destroyed societies too fragile to resist. Answering this question of what happened to Mycenae is essential to answering the larger question of how we differentiate the Late Bronze Age from the Early Iron Age, or, what shall hereafter be called the â€Å"Dark Ages† of Ancient Greece. An examination of the passage of the Bronze Age will require a detailed examination of the vastly profound changes in Greek culture which occurred between 1,200 and 700 b.c. These changes concern a multitude of different aspects of such a culture, including political, religious, artistic, and philosophical changes brought on by the unknown disaster which occurred and launched Ancient Greece into dark times. It would also be instructive, in examining this transition, to look at the speed of recovery; that is, the time it took for Ancient Greece to return to a state of political and cultural stability. In doing so, we will draw a connection between the Early and later portions of the Iron Age: the birth of panhellenism. Nevertheless, it is the

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Case Study - Essay Example ove, however, cannot be established since the available evidence makes it apparent that the omission or misstatement of material facts was not deliberate. SEC recognizes misrepresentation as an offence (Miller et al., 2008, Page 572). In suing Mitchell & Moss and demanding recovery, those who purchased the Whitlow & Company shares of stock would base their argument on negligence on the part of the former and its major deviations from the stipulated norms of auditing and due diligence standards. They are further required to provide evidence that (i) they were third party beneficiaries in the contract between Mitchell & Moss and the Whitlow & Company and (ii) Mitchell & Moss is legally obliged to act without negligence in the audit of the Whitlow & Company. There certainly were instances in which such claims by third party found favour, the conventional viewpoint is that it is iniquitous to implicate auditors with unlimited liability on charge of negligence. The present case is broadly within the scope of the latter view. Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 imposes civil liability on accountants for misstatements and omissions of material facts (Miller et al., 2008, Page 650). On the basis of this, Jackson asserts that she suffered a loss by relying upon the financial statements, prepared and certified by Mitchell & Moss, which were misleading. This claim for recovery of damage, however, is valid only if she succeeds in establishing that the untruth or omission was not known to her at the time of purchasing the Whitlow & Company shares of stock. Jackson’s is a case of potential liability in the plaintiff’s favor in which it becomes entirely the defendant’s responsibility to explain why he should not be held liable. One option available for Mitchell & Moss is to argue that the alleged omission or untruth could, in all likeliness, be deemed to be known to Jackson, she being a member of the Private Placement Group having access to and sound knowledge of

Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay Example for Free

Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay Globalization refers to the increments in the relationships of the people, industries, culture and various activities of economy. The term Globalization refers to the economics and all the global distribution of the production of goods and service which ultimately reduces the barriers of international trade like export fees, import quotas and various other tariffs, Cowen (2003). The Globalization has contributed to the growth of economy in a considerable manner. The globalization have accompanied to economic growth in developed and developing countries through increased specialization and the principle of comparative advantage. Globalization means the transnational change between the ideas, languages, and popular culture of different nations and countries so as to increase the diversity in the economy and enhance the growth of economy. It is argued that the decrease in the inter-cultural contact will increase the possibility of international and intra-national conflict. According to Shoa (2002), the globalization impacts the hospitality industry in prospect to the national as well as international hotel and tourism industry as a new occurrence. Actually, there are many hotels which are dealing with the international players even in the eighties. However, these days, the phenomenon has become so common that some company’s claim fifty percent of their profits will emanate from foreign companies, Pimentel (2008). The major factor behind the higher impact of globalization is that the hospitality sector has attracted international hotels into foreign countries and they are exploring the efficient and cost effective methods of doing business. The economies of scale are not just a theoretical phenomenon. it equally works in the hospitality sector and has considerable impact of globalization on the same. The hotels have realized that the larger they become the lower their production costs and the higher their profit margins. Besides that, the business within the industry will take their business to overseas and they can tap the unexplored markets that would never have been reached in local markets. Another reason that has increased the impact of globalization and has also increased the propensity for globalization within hosp itality industry is increasing competition within local markets. Consequently, in order to expand their respective businesses, the hotels and tourism  industries have started exploring the untapped markets and therefore, the globalization have started impacting the growth and profitability of the overall hospitality sector. However, it is necessary to look for the new markets as the increasing numbers of players in this industry are increasing the internationalism and competition within the hospitality industry. According to McAlister (2005), it is also likely that there are so many competitors which are now entering into new markets because they will allure the global brands. In contract to local brands, international markets would have to tailor their brands to suite specific conditions in the local market. However, with increasing talk about global brands, now international hotels can market their services to a wide array of consumers who happen to be agents of globalization themselves. Most of the consumers are multicultural in this scenario and always looking for ways to move themselves and their resources easily across various parts of the world, Dreher (2008). In this case, the main concern of study is to get the understanding of the impact of globalization on hospitality and tourism sector industries. For this case, there has to be geographical location on which the whole study can be done and further geographical analysis will be based on the same. The location which is chosen for the case is India which is a country in South Asia, Roger (2004). The economy of India is the ninth-largest economy by nominal GDP in the world and fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. According to Smith (2009), the reason for choosing India for this case is that it has very fast growth rate of economy and is considered a newly industrialized country. However, it also has so many challenges such as poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and inadequate public health. PEST analysis The concern of the study relates to the impact of Globalization on the hospitality and tourism industry and for the same concern, it is necessary to do the PEST analysis which stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes the conceptual framework which is used for the macro environmental factors and the environmental factors can be analyzed for the strategic management, Cowen (2003). The external analysis can be easily done by the PEST analysis and the overview of the different  macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration has to be done for the betterment of the organization. It is considered to be as a very good strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. PEST analysis of hospitality sector The hospitality industry is very important to analyze as the hospitality sector includes a broad category of restaurants, hotels, event planning, transportation, cruise line, and so many additional fields. This particular industry is a very growing sector and has a considerable contribution to the economy, Jeffrey (2005).The unit of hospitality such as a restaurant, hotel, or even an amusement park consists of multiple groups such as facility maintenance, direct operations, management, marketing, and human resources which need to be maintained for the betterment of services. The productivity of the people as well as the location has to be improved for the overall growth of the organization, McGrew(2001). Political Environment . The Political environment refers to the various government policies related to the particular sector which can affect the service and hospitality sector such as the degree of intervention in the economy. The hotel industry as well as tourism industry has a basic backbone of the government support, Ross (2006). The huge amount of taxes has been charged by the government for the different category of hotels and therefore it has a huge impact with the political changes that occur. Any small step taken by the government by changing some law it would seriously affect hotel as well as the tourism industry. Economic the economic factors relates to the interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. In the recent past, the people are willing to pay large amount of money for the services they get and the more the guests pay the more would the hotel and the industry would prosper ,John (2009) as the paying power of the people or customers will increase, the need for the good and luxurious hotels become massive. The economy of India has faced one of the most minimal drops in the whole world  and it has helped the hotel to get concentrated on the foreign travellers which had reduced and the local market being stable was much of a relief to the Indian Hotel Industry. . Social The social factor refers to the changes in social trends as it impacts the demand for the products of the company as well as the availability and willingness of individuals to work with the particular organization, Suryadinata (2000) As the social factor influences the people up to the certain extent which includes the culture and various other social factors within the society. . Technological There are so many software’s which are used for the management of hotel within the hospitality industry and the standards of the hotel has to match with the technology standards of the industry, Jeffrey (2010). The Hotel management software and technologies used have to match the subsequent level of market and industry. As the technology also reduces the manpower and decreases the cost to the company. So, the technology up gradation has always been proved as a boon to the people and the increased productivity of the organization, For example: If a hotel used the printed KOT and BOT and the stewards had to give it themselves to each of the departments. It could be substituted with the direct computerized sending of KOT and BOT to the kitchen or the Bar. In India, tourism is considered to be as one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and there are so many countries which are investing in the tourism sector for the expansion of industry, Pimentel (2008). On the other hand, while conceding that the uncontrolled growth of this industry can result in serious environmental and social problems. In recent years, there is an argument about the sustainability of the tourism industry and the sustainable development to bring together national and local governments, the tourism industry, trade unions and activist groups to realize this goal, Chapman (2009). It has been also considered that the global tourism industry can be propelled towards sustainability which underpins the drive towards globalization. There are so many countries which are facing burdens and worsening trade because of the  tourism industry and the various agencies working on the international basis such as World Bank, World Travel Tourism Council (WTTC) are also involved in the matter of concern for the growth and development of tourism industry and enhance the global presence of the tourism industry, Bruce (1992). However, tourism is often viewed by critics as an extension of former colonial conditions as it has supported and benefitted the international relations of economics whereas it favours the advanced capitalist countries in the North, Turner (2009). Therefore, it has been believed that there are unequal trading relationships and a trend of dependency on the foreign interests, and the division of labour which ultimately relates to the poor countries in the South to becoming tourism recipients and affluent countries in the North to the position of tourism generators. According to the WTTC, there are some certain reasons for the presence of the travel and tourism which includes the following key areas: * The government should accept the travel and tourism industry as a strategic economic development and employment priority * There has to be a move towards the open and competitive markets which supports the technological advancements and activities and at the same time, the liberalization of air transport and deregulate telecommunications in international markets * The barriers for the growth of tourism has to be eliminated and at the same time, the expansion and improvement of infrastructure has to be done for the growth of the tourism industry in a better manner such as development in the increase of airport capacity, construction and modernization of airports, roads and various other tourist facilities Friedman (2008) In many developed and developing countries, more than two-thirds of the revenue comes from international tourism and now a days, the policies of free trade and investment have been launched for the better liquidity in the market , Smith (2006). The globalization and liberalization of tourism will also bring wealth, progress, social achievements and improved environmental standards. It is also significant that the global guidelines could also have the devastating consequences for local and indigenous communities which are based on the social, cultural and ecological manner. The propensity of the tourism industry towards the unrestricted growth and its commoditization of indigenous cultures must be recognized as clearly unsustainable to the industry. The principles of the  tourism are made not only because it is heavily overshadowed by politics of global players but also, the main concern is that the guidelines are to be adopted by the advocates of sustainable tourism at the level of internationalism and the topic remains vague. The tourism industry is overly euphemistic, Tainter (1996). On the other hand, where the companies related to tourism have scrapped or postponed potentially harmful projects, people should know and acknowledge that the projects are scrapped because of the financial crunch, public and private investments in the cut of environmental protection. Moreover, the overall crisis has also resulted in an upsurge of crime and so many social vices related to tourism industry. Overall effects of Globalization Globalization has so many aspects which have their considerable impact on the industry in so many different ways such as: Industrial – The emergence of worldwide production markets and a wide access to the international products for the companies as well as consumers. These are particularly related to the movement of material and goods for the national boundaries , Vierich (2008). Financial – The emergence of the financial markets and the wide access to the financial markets and the overall access to the external financing for borrowers is important and at the same time, the structures have been grown at a very fast pace than any transnational regulatory regime. Competition – The emergence of the global market have enhanced the productivity of the people and increased competition in the market, Graham (2011) Therefore, the market is becoming worldwide and there are so many companies in the hospitality industry which needs to upgrade their products and utilize the technology skilfully in order to face increased competition. Ecological – The challenges of the global environmental challenges which can be solved by the international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution etc. As there are so many companies which are developed in the countries which have very less environmental regulation, globalism and free trade may increase pollution, Barber (2003). Cultural – The overall growth of cross-cultural diversity in the global world can enhance the advent of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, in the different categories of people. There is a desire which has been developed to raise the standard of  living of people within the country and the new technologies have been adopted and the people are participating in a world culture† for the proper transformation of the culture, Dreher (2008). The multiculturalism has to be speeded so as to access the cultural diversity, Gordon (2004). There are some people who may consider the cultural diversity as a danger, since it may supplant the local culture. But there are also some people who consider the multiculturalism to promote peace and understanding between peoples. Conclusion The globalization has their own benefits and effects on the hospitality industry and the other industries as well. The economies of scale are also equally affected as on the larger market base. And this particular reason cannot be ignored as there are lots of further problems which come after the same problem. The further problems can be intercultural difference, organizational structure and looking for investors. The above mentioned problems can be addressed through intercultural understanding, mixing vertical and horizontal organizational structures and marketing homogenous products to investors within the hospitality industry.

Corrosion Properties of Al-B4C Composites

Corrosion Properties of Al-B4C Composites Abstract[SM1] The influences of adding B4C particles on corrosion behavior of Al-2wt.% Cu alloy was studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature using linear and cyclic polarization, immersion test and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).[SM2] Nano-composites reinforced with 2, 4 and 6 wt. % B4C were produced through mechanical milling and tested to explore the B4C contents effects on the corrosion properties. [SM3]Influences of the grain size were also studied comparing the coarse-grained and milled Al matrix. Results revealed that the corrosion resistance of Al matrix decreases by reducing the particle size. Sample with 2wt.% B4C showed best corrosion resistance amongst all. Key words: Mechanical milling, Nano-composite, Al, B4C, Corrosion Introduction Metal Matrix Composites were remained the focus of attentions in aerospace, automotive and military industries in recent years. These materials offer several advantages including the high strength to weight ratio, excellent wear resistance and high stiffness compared to the original alloys. The commonly used reinforcing materials are; silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and boron carbide. Due to density differences between the reinforcements and the matrix materials, segregation has been found to be a major problem in producing metal matrix composites. Ball milling is considered to be an important technique for producing nano-crystalline composites. Growing interest for this technique is due to preparing materials with unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Ball milling process makes uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in the matrix, preventing the segregation which is commonly found in composites fabricated through other methods [1-4]. Effects of B4C particles as reinforcement materials on mechanical properties of aluminum base alloys are existed in the literatures, but studies on corrosion behavior for these composites are rarely reported. Corrosion behavior is a key parameter for assessing the applications of composites in marine environments. All in all, incorporation of the reinforcements into Al alloys increases the corrosion rate of composites in comparison with matrix. Primary corrosion initiation sites in MMCs[SM4] are dependent on electrical conductivity of reinforcement material, reinforcement volume fraction, intermetallic phases and corrosive environment. Grain size has also a major effect on corrosion behavior of the composites [5-9]. Present research aims at studying the corrosion properties of Al-B4C composites. The influence of different B4C contents on corrosion behavior of Al matrix composites was investigated. Coarse-grained Al matrix was also used to explore the effect of grain size on corrosion resistance. Experimental Al–2wt.% Cu and the nano-sized B4C particles were respectively used as matrix and reinforcements in fabricating the specimens. Besides a plain matrix sample, others were synthesized through mechanical alloying of the powder mixtures with 2, 4, and 6 wt.% of B4C. Ball milling was done by a planetary mill, equipped with two tempered steel vials containing Chrome steel balls (φ=20mm). The rotational speed and the ball to powder weight ratio were set at 300 rpm and 10:1, respectively. Milling process was performed at room temperature under argon gas (99.999%) atmosphere protection for 20h[SM5] to achieve steady state condition. Mechanically milled powders were then cold pressed and hot extruded with an extrusion ratio of 10:1 at 550à ¢- ¦C. Reference Al alloy sample was prepared from unmilled aluminum powder using similar pressing and extrusion processes. Electrochemical measurements including linear polarization, cyclic polarization, weight loss and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests were applied to 3.5wt.% NaCl solution at room temperature. Three electrodes system, including a working electrode, a platinum counter electrode and a silver-silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl) as [SM6]reference electrode were used. The exposed area of samples was polished to 1200 emery paper. Tafel tests were performed at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, from -2000mV to 500mV using a 273A Princeton Applied Research EGG model potentiostat/Galvanostat. Cyclic polarization measurements were carried out under conditions similar to Tafel test. After reaching to the 500mV point, scan direction was reversed. In order to find out the exact protection potential, scan rate of 0.5 mV/s was applied in reverse direction. Disc shape specimens (10mm in diameter and 3mm thick) were immersed in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution in atmosphere for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Corroded samples were cleaned according to G1 standard, [SM7]dried and weighed before and after the experiments using a balance (H- Z- K 210 model) with an accuracy of 0.00001 g. The mass losses for samples were finally measured by considering their total surface area. Phase characterization of specimens before and after the immersion were carried out through [SM8]X-ray diffraction (XRD) [SM9]technique on a Phillips X‘Pert Pro diffractometer using monochromatic Cu-KÃŽ ± radiation. Morphology and chemical analysis of samples were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy[SM10] (SEM), SU8040model, equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer [SM11](EDS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[SM12] (EIS) measurements were done with a frequency ranging from 10 mHz[SM13] to 100 MHz. The results were analyzed by means of Zview2 software. Result and Discussion- The milling part Fig 1 shows the morphology of Al/Cu alloy and the Al/Cu-4wt.% B4C composite after 20 h[SM14] of mechanical milling. By increasing [SM15]milling time, the particle size decreases besides narrower size distributions.[SM16] The nearly equiaxed crystal morphology of particles suggests that, the 20 h[SM17] of milling time was sufficient to reach desired steady-state condition. Results in table 1 demonstrate[SM18] that by increasing the B4C contents, the average particle size decreases. Table 1 shows the influence of B4C content on the crystallite size and the lattice strain of aluminum matrix, according to Williamson–Hall method. As expected, the mechanical milling induced severe plastic deformation, leading to the formation of nano-crystalline metal matrix. The crystallite sizes varied with B4[SM19]C contents, showing the effect of hard particles on grain refining performance of metal matrix[SM20]. It is known that the milling stages introduce plastic deformation of ductile matrix, micro-welding, and the fracture of deformed particles in metal matrix [10, 11]. As compared to mechanical milling of soft powders, the presence of hard particles causes an increase in local deformation of matrix around reinforcement particles, which indeed would enhance the work-hardening rate of metal matrix. Additionally, fracture toughness of composite powders is lower than that of the matrix material [11]. On the other hand, an increase in the content of particles results in more frequent interactions between the dislocations and the hard particles [12], which accelerating the onset of mechanical-milling stage, and contributing to grain-refinement process [11].[SM21] Microstructural examination of as-cast composites revealed that the B4C particles were not distributed uniformly in the matrix and the regional clusters of particles existed. Since the wetting by molten matrix was poor, a uniform distribution of particles could not be observed in composites fabricated by stir casting. In addition, other factors like stirring speed, pouring condition, solidification rate, etc. [SM22]have also had a noticeable influence on particles distribution. In extruded samples, a more even distribution of B4[SM23]C can be observed. Fig. 2 shows the back-scattered electron SEM micrographs of extruded composites used in this study. A uniform distribution of ceramic reinforcements is evident in both composites. In addition, there are no traces of voids in the microstructure which in turn suggests that there was full-densification of composite upon extrusion.[SM24] Result and Discussion- The corrosion part Potentiodynamic Polarization Tests The Potentiodynamic Polarization behaviors of different samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions after 1 hour of testing are given in Fig. 3. Their Ecorr, icorr and ipassive values (obtained from Tafel-type fit) are summarized in Table2[SM25]. Data shows that Al-cast has a lower corrosion rate than Al-milled. As the milled alloy has finer grains, it was expected to be less corrosion resistant because of having more grain boundaries, means higher susceptibility to electrochemical reactions and hence to corrosion. [SM26]It can also be seen that the characteristics of polarization curves for B4C composite samples are quite similar to base the alloy[SM27], indicating that the reactions are similar for both. According to table 2, adding 2wt.% B4C to the base material lowered the corrosion rate slightly, because the ceramic particles may to some extent hindered electrochemical dissolution physically. On the other hand, adding more B4C particle to the composite increases the corrosion rate. In any Al alloy-B4C composites, forming intermetallic compounds plays an important role in any chemical and electrochemical reactions that take place on composite surface in a corrosive environment. Fig.[SM28] 4 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern for Al 6wt.% B4C composite. It can be seen that other than Al matrix, there would be considerable amounts of Al3BC species which were produced when the Al reacted with B4C particles. As Al is more anodic with respect to intermetallic, having more of B4C in matrix dominates the effect of physical blocking of electrochemical reactions for ceramic particles in the solution and corrosion rate increases. Therefore [SM29]other than general corrosion of the matrix, there will be galvanic corrosion between the matrix and intermetallic resulting localized corrosion (pitting) on composite surface. In Al 6wt.% B4C sample, the corrosion rate decreased. This can be explained through passivation point of view as shown in polarization curves in which, the passive current density increases by increasing the B4C content. This may be caused by the formation of more porous and unstable passive layers produced by higher intermetallic particles and also leading to more susceptibility to localized corrosion.[SM30] Weight Loss Measurements Figure 5 represents the weight losses for different samples at different immersion times. Diagram demonstrates that the Al cast has the lowest weight loss, therefore [SM31]the lowest corrosion rate of all samples. B4C composites show higher corrosion rates than Al-milled suggesting that adding B4C to samples increases the corrosion rate.[SM32] As mentioned above, adding B4C to the alloy produces Al3BC intermetallic during corrosion.SEM micrographs of the Al 6wt.% B4C before and after the immersion for 28 days [SM33]are shown in Fig[SM34] 6. Al matrix and Al3BC intermetallic are pointed out in Fig. [SM35]6. EDX analysis results of the intermetallic phase from Figure 4-b is also demonstrated in Fig.[SM36] 7. It reveals that, considerable amounts of the compound exist in the matrix [SM37]which agrees with the XRD results discussed before. Finally, it is observed that the results from immersion and polarization tests are in agreement with each other. It is indicating that besides a general corrosion, there is a galvanic corrosion between the matrix and the particles leading to localized corrosion. Cyclic Polarization Studies: Characteristic potential values such as:[SM38] pitting potential (Epit), corrosion potential (Ecor), and re-passivation potential (Erp) were determined through cyclic polarization studies. As it is observed in Fig[SM39] 8, the nature of potentiodynamic polarization curves in the 3.5% NaCl solution reveals typical characteristics of the material undergoing spontaneous passivation. Reverse scan shows a hysteresis cycle, showing the characteristics of pitting. After reaching to a maximum level, the current begins to decay without any oscillation. Following a linear current-potential relationship is suggesting that an ohmic controlled process was taking place [12-15]. Additional electrochemical parameters given in the table [SM40]are: à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¥Epit=Epit-Ecorr, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¥Erp=Epit-Erp. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¥Epit is a measure of the width of passive region on polarization curve, indicating the susceptibility to pitting. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¥Erp is used to assess the repassivation behaviour of propagating pits and hence, the ease with which locally active sites can be eliminated.[SM41] à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¥Eprotection represents Erp-Ecorr and indicates the protected region. Pits are formed in this region, repassivation and larger region means more resistance to pitting for composite. [SM42]According to table[SM43] 3, the largest protection region was belonged to Al cast. Milled sample showed a smaller region and because of having more grain boundaries on the surface, by creating smaller nucleation sites for pits, made the sample more prone to pitting. [SM44]Adding B4C to samples confines the region and lowered[SM45] the resistance to pitting corrosion. EIS Studies In order to study the corrosion behavior of B4C composites and the base alloy, EIS measurements were carried out for all specimens at their Ecorr in 3.5% NaCl solution. Figure 9 shows results in the form of nyquist[SM46] diagrams. There is a common characteristic for all curves, i.e. a capacitive semicircle in the high frequency ranges. High frequency capacity loop was mainly related to the characteristics of electrical double layer formed at the interface between the adsorption layer on [SM47]metal surface and the electrolyte [12]. The biggest semicircle was noticed for the Al cast sample, indicating that the alloy has the highest resistance to corrosion. Al-BM sample has an additional semicircle in low frequency range, which may be related to the charge transfer across the metal-electrolyte interface. Another noticeable point is that, inductive loop [SM48]is related to the salt layer formation on the surface. It may also demonstrate that, [SM49]adsorption of an anion like chloride which is presented in electrolyte,[SM50] caused the pitting corrosion. Al-BM also has[SM51] lower resistance to corrosion than Al-Cast. Corrosion resistance for Al 4%B4C sample was higher than the Al-BM. But for the 2% and 6% composites, there were less improvement observed [SM52][16, 17]. Conclusion Results from electrochemical measurements which were carried out on Cast and Milled alloys and the B4C composites[SM53] showed that,[SM54] adding B4C particles to milled alloys will not [SM55]change the corrosion resistance considerably. From corrosion resistance point of view, it would be fair to say that the best sample was[SM56] the Al 2%B4C. [SM1]say kon as phrasal verb kamtar estefadeh koni [SM2]inja be nazaram was studied ro bezar akhare jomle [SM3]The [SM4]inja be nzaram bebenevis MMC mokhafafe chiye,magar inke khayli to mozoe shoma shenakhteh shodeh bashe. [SM5]20 hours [SM6]a [SM7]G1 standard. They were dried and weighed [SM8]inja benazare manbefore and after immersion ro ya toye comma bezar ya biyaresh avale jomle,chon yeho jomlato enghar ghat kardeh. [SM9]inja diffraction bayad capital bashe, magar inke aslan to hozeyeh shoma injori neveshteh mishe. manzuram mesle bala ke toye abstract EIS ro neveshti. [SM10]horofe avale ina bayad capital bashe [SM11]the same as 10SM [SM12]inro hazf kon, chon bala toye abstract neveshti ke mokhafafe chi hastesh. [SM13]inja manzoret mili hertz hastesh? [SM14]20 hours [SM15]the [SM16]besides narrower size distribution, the particle size decreases when the milling time increases. [SM17]20 hours without the [SM18]demonstrates [SM19]subscript [SM20]I think it needs rewriting! [SM21]in jomlehe khayli bolande, hamintor por az information hastesh, behtare beshkanitesh be 2 ta jomle age mishe. [SM22]inja ye comma mikhad [SM23]subscript [SM24]in jomlat nesfesh dar zamane gozashtash nesfesh dar zamane hale! [SM25]fasele beyne table va 2 [SM26] too many information in a sentence, needs rewriting. [SM27]? [SM28]Figure [SM29]a comma here [SM30]too many information in one sentence, needs rewriting. [SM31]comma [SM32].This suggests that adding [SM33]yeja in vasat masata comma mikhad.chon nemidunam chi neveshti nemidunam kojash bezaram [SM34]Figure [SM35]Figure [SM36]Figure [SM37]It reveals that there is considerable amount of the compound in the matrix. [SM38]ino hazf kon [SM39]Figure [SM40]which table? [SM41]needs rewriting [SM42]needs rewriting [SM43]Capital [SM44]too long! [SM45]past or present? [SM46]N [SM47]the [SM48]point is the inductive loop which is [SM49]the [SM50]behtare kole in beyne comma bashe. [SM51]present or past? [SM52]less improvement was observed. [SM53]in behtare beyne 2 ta coma bashe. [SM54]ino delet kon [SM55]does not [SM56]is

The Battle Between Good And Evil :: essays research papers fc

The Balance Between Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Balance Between Good and Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is an author’s painting of the evil that resides in all of the human race. The tropical island setting presents an environment free from civil order introducing a battle ground for the war of good and evil. Showing different side of human nature one can ponder the question â€Å"What would I do?† Golding explains the good, bad and balance of human nature, revealing that in times of despair man can easily regress to a primitive state, leaving the strong willed to promote civil order, but often be extremely out numbered.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ralph and Piggy’s sense of responsibility and maturity initially brings to the island a voice for everyone, calling for a brotherhood among the boys in order to survive and eventually be rescued. Early on the novel reads â€Å"There was a stillness about Ralph's as he sat that marked him out: there was his size and attractive appearance; and most securely, yet most powerful there was the conch.† (Golding Pg. 22). This quote describes the presence Ralph promoted on the island early on in their adventure. He encouraged equal say amongst the boys through the conch. In order to speak, one had to have possession of the symbolic shell. The shell representing the Parliamentary government in which they had left at home. Furthermore, Piggy, gaining an influential voice through Ralph, shouts his concern to the immature reckless boys â€Å"The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach... Then when you get here you build a bonfire t hat isn’t no use. Now you been and set the whole island on fire.† (Golding pg. 47). Like Ralph, Piggy’s responsibility and ability to plan for the future contradicts the actions of the boys, which in turn is the main reason for the separation between Jack and Ralph. Ralph and Piggy strive for a civilized way of life, yet find Jack leading an indirect revolt against any attempt to maintain order. Ralph and Piggy represent the good, civilized world in which they have come from; unfortunately the freedom of the island breathes life into Jack’s evil side, causing chaos to lurk throughout the boys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack Merridew represents the evil and dark ambitions that can take over a person when given the lack authority in a setting such as the tropical paradise. In given such freedom, Jack slowly loses his fear of punishment; seen here, his innocence still remains but

Our Town Analysis Essays -- essays research papers

Our Town is a play that takes place near the turn of the century in the small rural town of Grover’s Corners, New Hampshire. The playwright, Thornton Wilder is trying to convey the importance of the little, often unnoticed things in life. Throughout the first two acts he builds a scenario, which allows the third act to show that we as humans often run through life oblivious to what is actually happening. Wilder attempts to show life as something that we take for granted. We do not realize the true value of living until we are dead and gone. The through-line of the action seems to be attention to the details of life. Wilder builds up a plot that pays attention to great details of living. In the first act when Mrs. Gibbs and Mrs. Webb are stringing beans and passing the time, the reader continues on, not thinking that importance lies in the scene. As the play comes to an end, the reason for that scene becomes evident: the most trivial occurrence can be the most meaningful moment. We as humans, however, do not realize the greatness of these little points until it is too late. Near the end of the story, the deceased townspeople are stationed on chairs downstage, to imitate graves. They are still able to talk, yet only in a lackadaisical tone. They provide the audience, at the end, with a sense of guilt or loss. The fact that the people of Grover’s Corners did not realize the importance of life until it was gone, makes the audience feel as if they should be...

University Success

Grand Canyon University strives to support student learning by creating an online community. A â€Å"community† feeling inside an online course can help me as well as other students stay motivated. Online classrooms have the same characteristics as a traditional classroom; however, the class instructors direct course materials through a Grand Canyon University online portal. The course instructor presents topic-based questions to the students in the classroom forum that allow collaboration of student and instructor thoughts, debates, and experiences. The online interaction between classmates as well as instructor creates a virtual community where classmates and instructor can rely on each other while helping each other to stay motivated. The online classroom relies on collaboration between students and instructor in order to promote successful learning experiences. Collaboration in an online classroom consists of student responses to the instructor’s questions. As students post their individual thoughts, other students respond to them adding their own perspectives, experiences, and knowledge. Once the conversations volley back and forth thru ought the course’s main forum true collaboration begins. According to the text University Success E2, â€Å"The keys to avoiding isolation are communication, collaboration, and networking† (Grand Canyon University, 2012). It is evident that collaboration in both an online and a traditional classroom is dependent on instruction, participation, as well as feedback and it is most effective when students participate several times a day. It is imperative that students are aware that they are responsible for their own collaboration by participating in interactions with other classmates and the instructor through the class wall, individual forum, e-mail, or chat rooms. A major advantage that comes from effective collaboration is the skills that students gain from being actively involved in the classroom that is necessary for almost every career. My future career as a teacher depends on effective collaboration among my peers and me as it ensures professional development and school improvements. Some students use collaboration to network beyond the classroom. For instance, networking with family, friends, coworkers, Twitter, Facebook, or other discussion forums opens up portals to further collaboration with non-GCU students. Further collaboration expands the students’ minds as well as offers more information or perspectives. Furthermore, networking is beneficial to professionals in any career field because it expands professional knowledge, keeps professionals abreast of new business trends, offers career and personal opportunities, as well as provides business leads.